, . . - - , , .
- , . . ,
1 ( , ) . , , , . , , , . , , , , , , , . ( -, , , . . .)
2G9
- , , , -, , -, , . , - . - . . - , . - , ( / ) , - , . , , .
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, , , . , , , . , . , , , , / . , , , , , . , .
, .
, , . . . , . ,
. , . , : to accuse, to bet, to bless, to boast, to entreat, to express intention, to lament, to pledge, to postulate, to report, to request, to vow, to welcome . .
, , . I'll , , , . , .
. , , , . .
, , . , , to argue, , to be/to get convinced, to describe to get informed/to know, to threaten to be/to get scared . . . , I didn't mean to V you, to V to hurt, to insult, to flatter . . ( , , . .) .
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3.4.3. . , , , -, , . , , , . : . , . . .
I (hereby) + , + , , . , is not guilty I (hereby) state that he is not guilty; Stop it at once I (hereby) command you to stop it at once; I'll come some time. I (hereby) promise you that I'll come some time . .
. .: I'll dismiss you → He threatened to dismiss him (her . .).
, - . , (, , ), , . , , - (*I hereby threaten you that...), - (*I hereby boast that...). , , , , : I thank you; I christen this ship ... .
. , , , . , , , , , , - . , . ( ) . Ѹ, , . illocutionary point (. ), ( - : ), (.: , ) .
.
. - , : The Earth rotates. -
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. , .
. - - , ( / /, , ) . , , - , - .
, , , - : : I'll come some time,
. ( ) . , .
, (I), , - : I'll write, do, come, ring up . . * I shall be beaten up, *I shall be ignored -. , , - , - : *I'll stumble over the chair. * I'll overlook some mistakes. , , , , , , . , , , . : I'll stumble over the chair. , , , [], [ ]. , I'll overlook some mistakes .
, .
. , , . . , , , , . , You'll see the picture to see You'll be shown the picture. (The train will arrive in time will not do this), , , , , . . . [I hereby promise you] the train will come in time [I hereby state] the train will come in time.
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, .
- : [' If you don't let go,] I'll cut off you nasty, great, slimy tail!' (J. Osborne) ' I'd give you such a belt in a second. (J. Joyce).
: , . , , , , . , , , , . , : He'll pay you . , .
- / , , . .
1. I congratulate you.' (A. J. Cronin ) I welcome you; I thank my honourable friend; I apologise; I guarantee that the cost of these books will be paid) - (. , , congratulated me apologised,
1 , . , , , . .
). I congratulate you, , . (. performative).
, (. I pronounce you man and wife, , I name this ship ... .), (. I swear ), (. , ). , , , , , . .
. . . , , . * be I congratulate you. , , , , -, . Continuous, , * I congratulating you, *I' guaranteeing you..., *I' apologizing. . , , . . Right now I' congratulating you What are you doing? . , . , I denounce it as a lie. .
, , , , , .
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,
, , , , , . , .
. . I swear . . .
peoeece , . ., : Payment is guaranteed. Passengers are requested to cross the line by the footbridge only ( . ). , , , .
- , , . ( , .) .
, , .: We guarantee... We request you to cross... , . .
-.
, ( ) , : We hereby request... Passengers are requested.../Our request is... .
. , : 'Get out.' 'Don't go.' (A. J. Cronin) 'Ronnie, could you get me a soaking wet rag?' (J. Updike)
, , .. -, , .. -.
. ,
. . . , / ( ), :. , ( ) , . , - , . , ( ) . . , .
(. ). please, : 'Please go away.' (A. Christie) 'Don't go, Effingham, please.' (I. Murdoch). Please . , , , : Let's go..., , Would/Could you kindly + : Would you kindly stop smoking? Could you kindly show me the way to the station?
. .
, , , , (Drive (please)!), , .
. . , , , .
. . .
, .
3.4.4. . , , , . , , . , e cy : Are you still here? [= Go away at once! , . , .
. , . e. ( , . .), . , .
, /, , - . , . , (, please), (, Will you...?). Will you...? . - .
, Will you...? . /. , . . Some , , ('Will you do
something for me?' asked Stroeve. (S. Maugham), any : Will you take anything with you? some : You will take something with you, I think? , , , .
, (Are you still here?) . , , .
' Luncheon is served.' (A. Christie), (It's draughty here I've run out of cigarettes) ..
, , → , , ( ). , - , . .