.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


( ) 8





, . ( . , . . 1) ( ) . , , . , . , , -, .

, -, -. , . , , subject, predicate, copula.

, . , , . , ( ), , . . , , . (battle, election . .), , . . .

. Ÿ . ,

1 . . ., . 29, . 129.


, , , .

3.3.2. . , , , , , . ( NP), .

, , . The iggle squiggs trazed wombly in the harlish hoop, , (, , ), - . , , . , , : / [. .] - - .

, . , , , . , , , , . - . , , , . , , , ( . 3.3.3). , , , , , . . , , (., ,


: The sea was stormy (the sea ), in the sea ( It was stormy in the sea) - .

, . .

3.3.3. . (A murmur of voices awakened him. He was awakened by a murmur of voices. (I. Murdoch), , (The carpenter struck the nail with a hammer. The hammer struck the nail. The hammer struck .) , , (The boys sold strawberries to the strangers The strangers bought strawberries from the boys), , , , , . , , a murmur of voices he/him, , awake, (the carpenter, the nail the hammer) strike . .

, , 1. . , , , . - , , . , to show , (, [...] They showed him the jewels. (H. G. Wells)

1 () , () , () . , (. ) (, . .). , . , . , .


. , . show [ ], , . , , (.: They showed the jewels). , - . , They showed him the jewels They showed the jewels , .

. , .. . , They showed him the jewels { show }, They showed the jewels { show }. , , . .

. , . , They showed him the jewels late at night in a small cafe near the bridge , , , , .

, . .

, , , . (I read the note. (D. du Maurier) (A note was read by me).

. , , , (.) (.), .: John threw the stone John dropped the stone. . , . , ,


. ( ) ., .. . John threw a stone with a sling *John dropped a stone with N with N. ( with N , . : John dropped a stone with a stick). , ., to lower, to raise, to lift, to drag, to pull, to break, to open, to keep . , ., to release.

. , , . , (His eyes twinkled. (S. Maugham) (Mountains frightened him) . , , . , , , . : hesitated. (H. G. Wells) My head ached. (D. Lessing)

, (The wind was freshening. (A. Christie), , ( dozed off. (P. Abrahams) His heart sank. (D. Cusack) by with (He was killed by a fly-wheel. The ground was covered with snow; . : A sudden pity seized me. (A. J. Cronin ) I was seized with a sense of [...] dread. (C. P. Snow)

, , , -. . : (Hit the ball!), ( was hitting the ball continuously). - (: Foch likes the country. (J. Galsworthy), (*Like the country!) (*Foch was liking the country).

to hit to like, /-, . , -,


. to surprise. - {'You surprise me.' (S. Maugham), (The detachment surprised the enemy). to forget, .: I forgot all about it (- ) Forget about this! ( , ). , , .: Don't, forget about it! (He , ! (-) ! () Forget about it! ( ). -, to tremble, (* Tremble!), (Don't tremble!).

( !) . , . (r bit his hand. (I. Murdoch) (The yard was not overlooked. (I. Murdoch)

- - (The carpets should match the curtains) (The carpets and curtains should match). , .

. , . , ( ) , The boy dug the ground The boy dug a hole. , , , ( ). , . , . , What did he do to N? The child pronounced 'Daddy'. The man painted flowers. , , , .

, , , . ( ). ,


, : John broke the window with a stone. Ned opened the door with a key.

, , . . : A stone broke the window. The key opened the door.

( ): The window broke. The door opened.

broke the window A stone broke the window, * and a stone broke the window. , . . :

 

 

He opened the gate with difficulty. *He opened the gate with difficulty and his mother.
He opened the gate with his mother.

.

. : John threw the stone with a sling by a quick movement. Ned opened the door with the key by turning it in the key-hole.

, , : John threw the stone with a quick movement. John dropped the stone by ungrasping it.

. . , : in, on, at; from, to; in, out of; through; under, over . (from under, from behind . .) . , , , , , , , , .

. ( passed from the hall into the corridor) , . ,


, . . .

(to stand, to stay, to lie, to be .) , : lie [_ .]" He stayed in Moscow. He lay on the grass.

. , . : Siberia is snowy (. It is snowy in Siberia). Batumi is rainy (CD. It is rainy in Batumi). The wide playgrounds were swarming with boys. (J. Joyce)

(to go, to move, to run, to creep, to fall, to roll .) c ., . ..

, , , . . , . , , - . , , / , . , , , ( 1), , , jumped into the sea, jumped from the rock, , , ( 2) . , , .

, . , to reach ., to depart . ..

( ) . , to creep into N, from N, through N.

to jump . , . , to come (Come to the blackboard!) to go (Go to the blackboard!) , . , .


. , , , . , , .

- , , . , . . : An apple fell from the tree to the ground. An apple fell from the tree. An apple fell to the ground. An apple fell. . , , . , / , , to fall, . , , , , , : fall[ (.) (. )].

, , .

, . , . . , , . , . , to cut

[_ ].

:

{cut } The glazier cuts glass with a diamond.

{cut } The glazier cuts glass,

{cut } A diamond cuts glass.

.


- , . , . . , , 1. , , , . , , .

3.3.4. . . , , , . , () : . , , . . , to gild , , () (()), , - to coat with gold. : to ice, to powder, to silver . .

. , . to coat , [_] (They coated the spire with gold), to gild [_ ] (They gilded the spire).

to gild to coat, to cover : to gild . . e .





:


: 2016-10-06; !; : 324 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1750 - | 1557 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.049 .