, , .. .
, , .. .
,
N2()+3H2() 2NH3(),
4 2
.
FeO()+CO() CO2()+Fe()
1 1
, , , .
.
:
DG = RT lnKp,
DG ,
R (R = 8,314 / K)
T , K
Kp
, - . - 2.
CO, NO, N2O, NO2 | |||
:
1) , (: CO2(H2CO3), SO2(H2SO3), SO3(H2SO4) .);
2) (+ 5, +6, + 7; , Mn2O7, CrO3, Bi2O5 .).
1. , . SiO2, Bi2O5.
SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
Mn2O7 + H2O = 2HMnO4
2. , :
CO2 + CaO = CaCO3
3. , :
SO3 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 + H2O
(Na2O, CaO, MnO .) (+1, +2).
1. (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) (Ca, Sr, Ba) , ():
BaO + H2O = Ba(OH)2
2. ,
SrO + CO2 = SrCO3
3. , :
CuO + 2HCl = CuCl2 + H2O
+2, +3, +4, , (ZnO, BeO, SnO, PbO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, SnO2, PbO2, TiO2, MnO2 .)