, , , , , .
. , .
, , S , G .
, , ,
(H = U + PV).
D H .. , , = const.
. :
:
= å(n × ) å (m × ),
n, m .
(, / (. .2). : = 298 , = 1,013×105 , 1 / ([A] = 1 /). , (N2, O2, Cl2, H2 .) = 0.
:
(D H 0. . < 0).
(D H 0.. > 0).
, .
. . , , , . (. ) S0298. , .
D S0 298 , , :
D S0.. = å n S0. å m S0 . × ),
n, m .
, .. , . :
, ;
, , .. .
, (D H 0) ( D S0). , , = const, G:
|
|
D G = D H 0 ×D S0
:
D G0.. = å n D G0 . å m D G0..,
n, m .
.
:
D G0 < 0 ;
D G0 > 0 ;
D G0 = 0 .
:
, :
CH4+2O2 = CO2+2H2O
:
H2 + I2 2HI
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
.
, , .
, . (/) .