UNIT 36
► Ex. I. Scan through the text Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.
Scotland Yard is located south of St. James's Park in Westminster. The original headquarters of Scotland Yard were in Whitehall (the street in London where many of the government departments are). Scotland Yard was so named because it was part of a medieval palace (Whitehall Palace) that had housed. Scottish royalty when the latter were in London on visits. The London police force was created in 1829 by an act introduced in Parliament by the home secretary, Sir Robert Peel (hence the nicknames "bobbies" and "peelers" for policemen). The Metropolitan Police's duties are the detection and prevention of crime, the preservation of public order, the supervision of road traffic, and the licensing of public vehicles. The administrative head of Scotland Yard is the commissioner, who is appointed by the crown on the recommendation of the home secretary. Beneath the commissioner are various assistant commissioners overseeing such operations as administration, traffic and transport, criminal investigation and police recruitment and training. Scotland Yard set up its Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in 1878. The CID initially was a small force of plainclothes detectives who gathered information on criminal activities. Criminal Investigation Department deals with all aspects of criminal investigation and includes the fingerprint and photography sections, the Fraud Squad (the department in the British police force that examines fraud in business), the Flying Squad (a special group of police officers in Britain whose job is to travel quickly to the place where there has been a serious crime), the metropolitan police laboratory, and the detective-training school. Scotland Yard keeps extensive files on all known criminals in the United Kingdom. It also has a special branch of police who guard visiting dignitaries, royalty, and statesmen. Finally, Scotland Yard is responsible for maintaining links between British law-enforcement agencies and Interpol.
VOCABULARY
| Scotland Yard | (London Metropolitan Police | criminal investigation | |
| metropolitan | fraud | ||
| headquarters | - | squad | , |
| house | file | ||
| peeler - a special type of knife for removing the skin from fruit or vegetables | , , ; , , (bobby) [Robert Peel], 1829 | dignitary someone who has an important official position | ; |
| detection | law enforcement agency | ||
| commissioner | enforce law | ||
| oversee |
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► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Scotland Yard was created in 1929. 2) Scotland Yard was created by the foreign secretary. 3) The Metropolitan Police's duties are the preservation of public order and the licensing of social relations. 4) The administrative head of Scotland Yard is the advertising manager. 5) The Crown on the recommendation of the home secretary appoints the commissioner of Scotland Yard. 6) Assistant commissioners supervise police recruitment and training. 7) Scotland Yard set up its reward in a shape of money to catch criminals. 8) The CID initially was a small force of plainclothes detectives who gathered rumours on criminal activities. 9) The CID deals with all aspects of civil investigation. 10) The CID includes judo-training schools. 11) Flying Squad is the department in the British police force that examines fraud in business. 12) Fraud Squad is a special group of police officers in Britain whose job is to travel quickly to the place where there has been a serious crime. 13) Scotland Yard keeps extensive files on all known criminals in London. 14) Scotland Yard doesn't guard visiting dignitaries. 15) Scotland Yard ceased its links with Interpol.
► Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.
1) Scotland Yard created in 1829 was. 2) The home secretary Scotland Yard created. 3) The Metropolitan Police's duties the detection and prevention of crime are. 4) The administrative is head of Scotland Yard the commissioner. 5) The Crown appoints on the recommendation of the home secretary the commissioner of Scotland Yard. 6) Assistant oversee commissioners such operations as police recruitment and training. 7) Scotland Yard its Criminal Investigation Department in 1878 set up. 8) The CID initially was gathered a small force of plainclothes detectives who information on criminal activities. 9) Criminal Investigation Department with all aspects of criminal investigation deals. 10) The CID the metropolitan police laboratory and the detective-training school includes. 11) Fraud Squad the department in the British police force that examines fraud in business is. 12) Flying Squad a special group of police officers in Britain whose job is is to travel quickly to the place where there has been a serious crime. 13) Scotland Yard extensive files on all known criminals in the United Kingdom keeps. 14) Scotland Yard has a special branch of police who visiting dignitaries guard. 15) Scotland Yard British law-enforcement agencies with Interpol links.
► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
-; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
► Ex. V. Complete the following statements.
1) Scotland Yard is located... 2) The original headquarters of Scotland Yard were in... 3) Scotland Yard was so named... 4) The London police force was created... 5) The Metropolitan Police's duties are... 6) The administrative head of Scotland Yard is... 7) Scotland Yard set up... 8) The CID initially was... 9) The CID deals with... and includes... 10) The Fraud Squad examines... 11) The Flying Squad is... 12) Scotland Yard keeps... 13) Scotland Yard guards... 14)... is responsible for maintaining links between British law-enforcement agencies and Interpol.
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► Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Scotland Yard:
a) its creation and location;
b) its duties;
c) its commissioner and assistant commissioners;
d) its criminal investigation department;
e) its files and links.
Retell the text Scotland Yard.
UNIT37
► Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.
Federal Bureau of Investigation is the police department in the US that is controlled by the central government, and is concerned with crimes in more than one state. [Compare CIA. The Central Intelligence Agency (the CIA) is the department of the
US government that collects information about other countries, especially secretly.] The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the largest investigative agency of the United States federal government. Generally speaking, the Federal Bureau of Investigation is responsible for conducting investigations where a federal interest is concerned. In pursuance of its duties, the bureau gathers facts and reports the results of its investigations to the attorney general of the United States and his assistants in Washington, and to the United States attorneys' offices in the federal judicial districts of the nation. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is a part of the Department of Justice, responsible and subordinate to the attorney general of the United States. The bureau, headquartered in Washington, has field offices in large cities throughout the United States. In addition, the FBI maintains liaison posts in several major foreign cities to facilitate the exchange of information with foreign agencies on matters relating to international crime and criminals. The head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, whose title is director, was appointed by the attorney general until 1968; thereafter, by law, he became subject to appointment by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate. The bureau has a large staff of employees, including between 6,000 and 7,000 special agents who perform the investigative work. These special agents, the majority of whom have 10 years or more of service with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, are usually required to have either a legal or an accounting education.
VOCABULARY
| police department | subordinate/ subject | ||
| investigative agency | to headquarter | - | |
| conduct investigation | , | field office | |
| in pursuance | liaison post | ||
| Attorney General | facilitate | ||
| district attorney | ; | thereafter | |
| judicial district | consent | ||
| Department of Justice |
► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) The CIA is the police department in the US. 2) The president of the US controls the FBI. 3) The FBI is concerned with crimes in Washington. 4) The FBI is the smallest investigative agency of the US federal government. 5) The FBI is responsible for conducting investigations where a state interest is concerned. 6) In pursuance of its duties, the bureau conceals the results of its investigations from the attorney general of the US. 7) The FBI is a part of the Department of Corrections. 8) The bureau is headquartered in the District of Columbia. 9) The FBI has field offices in all parts of the world. 10) The FBI maintains international crime and criminals. 11) The Senate appointed the head of the FBI until 1968. 12) The FBI's director became subject to appointment by the president of the US without the advice and consent of the Senate. 13) The bureau has a large staff of special agents. 14) The FBI's special agents waste money of the US taxpayers. 15) The FBI's special agents are usually required to have either a primary or a secondary education.
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► Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.
1) The FBI the police department in the US is. 2) The FBI is by the central government controlled. 3) The FBI is with crimes in more than one state concerned. 4) The FBI the largest investigative agency of is the US federal government. 5) The FBI is for conducting investigations where a federal interest is concerned responsible. 6) In pursuance of its duties, the bureau facts and reports gathers the results of its investigations to the attorney general of the US. 7) The FBI a part of the Department of Justice is. 8) The bureau is in Washington headquartered. 9) The FBI field offices in large cities throughout the US has. 10) The FBI liaison posts in several major foreign cities to facilitate maintains the exchange of information with foreign agencies on matters relating to international crime and criminals. 11) The head of the FBI appointed was by the attorney general until 1968. 12) The FBI's director subject to appointment by the president of the US with the advice and consent of the Senate became. 13) The bureau a large staff of employees has. 14) The FBI's special agents the investigative work perform. 15) The FBI's special agents usually required to have either a legal or an accounting education are.
► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; -; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
► Ex. V. Complete the following statements.
1) The Federal Bureau of Investigation is... 2) The Federal Bureau of Investigation is controlled by... 3) The FBI is concerned with... 4) The FBI is the largest investigative agency of... 5) The FBI is responsible for... 6) In pursuance of its duties, the bureau gathers... and reports... 7) The FBI is a part of... 8) The bureau is headquartered in... 9) The FBI has field offices in... 10) The FBI maintains... 11) The head of the FBI was appointed by... 12) The FBI's director became subject to... 13) The bureau has a large staff of... 14) The FBI's special agents perform... 15) The FBI's special agents are usually required to have...
► Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Federal Bureau of Investigation:
a) its legal position in the US federal government;
b) its concerns and responsibilities;
c) its field offices and liaison posts;
d) its director and his appointment;
e) its special agents.
Retell the text Federal Bureau of Investigation.
UNIT 38
► Ex. I. Scan through the text Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.
Interpol (International Criminal Police Organization) - organization that exists to facilitate the cooperation of the criminal police forces of more than 125 countries in their fight against international crime. A general secretariat headed by a general secretary controls the everyday workings of Interpol. Each affiliated country has a domestic bureau (called the National Central Bureau, or NCB) through which its individual police forces may communicate either with the general secretariat or with the police of other affiliated countries. Television and motion pictures have portrayed Interpol agents as wandering from country to country, making arrests wherever they please; such representations are false, since the nations of the world have different legal systems and their criminal laws, practices, and procedures differ substantially from one another. No sovereign state would permit any outside body to bypass its police or disregard its laws. The main weapon in the hands of Interpol is not a universal detective; it is the extradition treaty. Interpol's principal target is the international criminal, of which there are three main categories: those who operate in more than one country, such as smugglers, dealing mainly in gold and narcotics and other illicit drugs; criminals who do not travel at all but whose crimes affect other countries - for example, a counterfeiter of foreign bank notes; and criminals who commit a crime in one country and flee to another. At its headquarters in Lyon, France, Interpol maintains voluminous files of international criminals and others who may later fall into that category, containing particulars of their identities, nicknames, associates, and methods of working, gathered from the police of the affiliated countries. This information is sent over Interpol's telecommunications network or by confidential circular. There are four types of confidential circular. The first type asks that a particular criminal be detained in order that extradition proceedings can be started. The second 1 does not ask for detention but gives full information about the criminal and his methods. The third describes property that may have been smuggled out of the country in which a crime was committed. A fourth deals with unidentified bodies and attempts to discover their identity.
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VOCABULARY
| International Criminal Police Organization | voluminous | ||
| facilitate | file | ||
| secretariat | particulars | ||
| affiliate | identity | , | |
| wander | nickname | ||
| bypass | associate | , | |
| disregard | confidential | ||
| extradite | ( ) | circular | |
| illicit | detain | ||
| counterfeiter | unidentified |
► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Interpol exists to hinder the cooperation of criminal police forces in their fight against international crime. 2) Nobody controls the everyday workings of Interpol. 3) Television portrays Interpol agents as gentlemen of fortune. 4) The main weapon in the hands of Interpol is a universal detective. 5) The minor weapon in the hands of Interpol is the extradition treaty. 6) Interpol's principal target is the criminal. 7) The international criminal is one who operates in his own country. 8) Smugglers and counterfeiters are not international criminals. 9) International criminals maintain voluminous files of their identities, nicknames, associates, and methods of working. 10) Interpol's information is sent over by carrier pigeons. 11) The first type of confidential circular does not ask for detention but gives full information about the criminal and his methods. 12) The second type of confidential circular asks that a particular criminal be detained in order that extradition proceedings can be started. 13) The third type of confidential circular deals with unidentified bodies and attempts to discover their identity. 14) The fourth type of confidential circular describes property that may have been smuggled out of the country in which a crime was committed.
► Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.
1) Interpol the cooperation of criminal police forces of more than 125 countries in their fight against international crime exists to facilitate. 2) A general controls secretariat headed by a general secretary the everyday workings of Interpol. 3) Each affiliated country a domestic bureau has. 4) The police of each affiliated country through its domestic bureau may either with the general secretariat or with the police of other affiliated countries communicate. 5) Television and motion pictures Interpol agents as wandering from country to country, making arrests wherever they portray please. 6) Television and motion pictures false representations of Interpol agents portray. 7) The nations of the world different legal systems have. 8) The nations' criminal laws, practices, and procedures substantially from one another differ. 9) No sovereign state would any outside body to bypass its police or disregard its laws permit. 10) The main weapon in the hands of Interpol a universal detective is not. 11) The main weapon in the hands of Interpol the extradition treaty is. 12) Interpol's principal target the international criminal is. 13) International criminals operate are those who in more than one country. 14) International criminals who do not travel are those at all but whose crimes affect other countries, 15) International those who commit a crime in one criminals are country and flee to another. 16) Interpol maintains criminals, containing particulars of their identities, nicknames, associates, and methods of working voluminous files of international. 17) Interpol's information is by confidential circulars sent. 18) The first type of confidential circular proceedings can be asks that a particular criminal be detained in order that extradition started. 19) The second type of confidential circular but gives full information about the criminal and his methods does not ask for detention. 20) The third type of confidential circular property that may have been smuggled out of the country in which a crime was describes committed. 21) The fourth type of confidential circular and attempts to discover their identity deals with unidentified bodies.
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► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
► Ex. V. Complete the following statements.
1) Interpol exists... 2)... controls the everyday workings of Interpol. 3) Each affiliated country has... 4) The police of each affiliated country through its domestic bureau may... 5) Television and motion pictures portray Interpol agents as... 6) Television and motion pictures portray false representations of... 7) The nations of the world have... 8) The nations' criminal laws, practices, and procedures differ... 9) No sovereign state would permit... or disregard... 10) The main weapon in the hands of Interpol is not... 11) The main weapon in the hands of Interpol is... 12) Interpol's principal target is... 13) International criminals are those who... 14) Interpol maintains voluminous files of... 15) Interpol's information is sent over... 16) The first type of confidential circular asks that... 17) The second type of confidential circular does not ask... but gives... 18) The third type of confidential circular describes... 19) The fourth type of confidential circular deals with... and attempts to discover...
► Ex. VI Choose one topic to speak about Interpol:
a) its structure;
b) its image on TV and its main weapon;
c) its principal target;
d) its files and its confidential circulars.
Retell the text Interpol.
UNIT 39
► Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.
Edgar Hoover (1895-1972) - public official who, as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1924 until his death in 1972, built that agency into a highly effective arm of federal law enforcement. Hoover studied law at night at George Washington University, where he received degrees as bachelor of laws in 1916 and as master of laws in the following year. He reorganized and rebuilt the FBI on a professional basis, recruiting agents on merit and instituting rigorous methods of selecting and training personnel. He established a fingerprint file,
which became the world's largest; a scientific crime-detection laboratory; and the FBI National Academy. In the early 1930s the exploits of gangsters in the United States were receiving worldwide publicity. Hoover publicized the achievements of the FBI in tracking down and capturing well-known criminals. Both the FBI's size and its responsibilities grew steadily under his management. In the late 1930s President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave him the task of investigating both foreign espionage in the United States and the activities of communists and fascists. When the Cold War began in the late 1940s, the FBI undertook the intensive surveillance of communists and other left-wing activists in the United States. Hoover's animus toward radicals of every kind led him to aggressively investigate both the Ku Klux Klan and black activists in the 1960s. [Ku Klux Klan is a secret American political organization of Protestant white men who oppose people of other races or religions.] At the same time, he maintained a hands-off policy toward the Mafia, which was allowed to conduct its operations practically free of FBI interference. Hoover used the FBI's surveillance to collect damaging information on politicians throughout the country, and he kept the most scurrilous facts under his own personal control. He used his possession of these secret files to maintain himself as the FBI's director and was able to intimidate even sitting presidents by threatening to leak this damaging information about them. By the early 1970s he had come under public criticism for his authoritarian administration of the FBI and for his persecution of those he regarded as radicals. He retained his post, however, until his death at age 77, by which time he had been the FBI's chief for 48 years and had served 8 presidents.
VOCABULARY
| law enforcement | undertake | ||
| institute | surveillance | ||
| rigorous | animus | ||
| exploit | Ku Klux Klan | -- | |
| publicity | hands off | ||
| publicize | scurrilous | ||
| track down | intimidate | ||
| investigate | leak | , | |
| espionage | retain |
► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Hoover studied law at London University. 2) Hoover received degrees as MA and MSc. 3) Hoover reorganized the CIA on a professional basis. 4) Hoover didn't recruit agents on merit. 5) Hoover established rigid methods of training personnel. 6) Hoover founded a fingerprint file. 7) His FBI didn't track down and capture well-known criminals. 8) Hoover investigated the activities of fascists. 9) The FBI didn't partake in the surveillance of communists. 10) Hoover allowed the Mafia to conduct its operations practically free of FBI intervention. 11) Hoover wasn't brave enough to use the FBI's surveillance to collect damaging information on politicians. 12) Hoover wasn't criticized for his persecution of radicals.
► Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.
1) Hoover as director of the FBI effective arm of federal law enforcement built that agency into a highly. 2) Hoover studied Washington University law at George. 3) Hoover degrees as bachelor of laws and as master of laws received. 4) Hoover and rebuilt the FBI on a professional reorganized basis. 5) Hoover agents on merit recruited. 6) Hoover rigorous methods of selecting and instituted training personnel. 7) Hoover a fingerprint file, which became the world's largest established. 8) Hoover a scientific crime-detection laboratory and the FBI National Academy established. 9) Hoover the FBI's surveillance to collect damaging information on politicians used. 10) Hoover the most scurrilous facts under his own personal control kept. 11) Hoover his possession of these secret files to maintain himself as the FBI's director used. 12) Hoover was to intimidate sitting presidents by threatening to leak this damaging information about able them. 13) Hoover under public criticism for his authoritarian administration of the FBI came. 14) Hoover under public criticism for his persecution of those he regarded as radicals came.
► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
► Ex. V. Complete the following statements.
1) Hoover was... 2) Hoover studied... and received... 3) He reorganized and rebuilt... 4) He recruited... 5) He instituted... 6) He established... 7) He publicized... in... 8) Hoover's animus toward radicals of every kind led... 9) He maintained... 10) Hoover used the FBI's surveillance... 11) Hoover kept... 12) Hoover used his secret files... 13) Hoover had come under... for... 14) Hoover retained...
► Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Edgar Hoover:
a) his education;
b) his reorganization of the FBI;
c) his animus toward radicals;
d) his secret files on politicians.
Retell the text Edgar Hoover.
UNIT 40
Ex. I. Scan through the text Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.
Allan Pinkerton (1819-1884) - Chicago detective and founder of a famous American private detective agency. Pinkerton was the son of a police sergeant. After completing his apprenticeship to a cooper, he emigrated to the United States in 1842 and settled in Chicago. Moving the next year to the nearby town of Dundee in Kane County, he set up a cooper's shop there. While cutting wood on a desert island one day, he discovered and later captured a gang of counterfeiters. Following this and other similar achievements, he was appointed deputy sheriff of Cook County in 1846, with headquarters in Chicago. In 1850 Pinkerton resigned from Chicago's police force in order to organize a private detective agency that specialized in railway theft cases. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency became one of the most famous organizations of its kind. Its successes included capture of the principals in a $700,000 Adams Express Company theft in 1866 and the thwarting of an assassination plot against President-elect Lincoln in February 1861 in Baltimore. In 1861, during the Civil War, Pinkerton, under the name E.J. Allen, headed an organization whose purpose was to obtain military information in the Southern states. After the Civil War Pinkerton resumed the management of his detective agency. During the strikes of.1877 the Pinkerton Agency's harsh policy toward labour unions caused it to be severely criticized in labour circles, although Pinkerton asserted he was helping working men by opposing labour unions. Pinkerton published his memoirs Thirty Years a Detective in 1884.
VOCABULARY
| private detective | principals | ||
| apprenticeship | thwart | ||
| cooper | elect | , | |
| desert island | harsh | ||
| counterfeiters | assert | ||
| resign | memoirs |
► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Pinkerton founded a private detective agency. 2) Pinkerton was the son of a police lieutenant. 3) Pinkerton completed his apprenticeship to a cooper in 1842. 4) Pinkerton left his own country in order to live in the United States in 1842. 5) Pinkerton located in New York. 6) Pinkerton set up a cooper's shop in Chicago. 7) Pinkerton found a group of counterfeiters that was hidden on a desert island. 8) Pinkerton couldn't capture a gang of counterfeiters. 9) Pinkerton was chosen as deputy sheriff. 10) Pinkerton didn't retire from Chicago's police force. 11) The Pinkerton Detective Agency became the worst organizations of its kind. 12) Pinkerton defeated a secret plan to assassin the President. 13) After the Civil War Pinkerton ceased the management of his detective agency. 14) During the strikes of 1877 the Pinkerton Agency's friendly policy toward labour unions was highly appreciated by labour circles. 15) Pinkerton has never written his reminiscences. 16) Pinkerton was the best private detective in the world.
► Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.
1) Pinkerton the son of a police sergeant was. 2) Pinkerton to the US and settled in Chicago after completing his apprenticeship to a cooper emigrated. 3) Pinkerton up a cooper's shop set. 4) Pinkerton and later captured a gang of counterfeiters discovered. 5) Pinkerton a private detective agency that specialized in railway theft cases organized. 6) The Pinkerton National Detective Agency one of the most famous organizations of its kind became. 7) Pinkerton his memoirs published.
► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; -; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (); ; ; ; ; ; ; .
► Ex. V. Complete the following statements.
1) Allan Pinkerton was... 2) Pinkerton was the son of... 3) He emigrated to... and settled in... after... 4) He set up... 5) He discovered and captured... while... 6) He was appointed... 7) Pinkerton resigned... in order to... 8) His private detective agency specialized in... 9) His private detective agency became... 10) Pinkerton captured... in 1866. 11) Pinkerton thwarted... in February 1861. 12) Pinkerton headed... during the Civil War. 13) Pinkerton resumed... after the Civil War. 14) Pinkerton published...
► Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Pinkerton
a) his parents and his apprenticeship;
b) his achievements on a desert island;
c) his Agency's successes;
d) his Agency's harsh policy toward labour unions.
Retell the text Allan Pinkerton.
UNIT 41
► Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.
Francois-Eugene Vidocq (1775-1857). A venturesome, sometimes rash youth, Vidocq had bright beginnings in the army, fighting in the Battles of Valmy and Jemappes in 1792. After having spent several periods in prison, mostly for petty offenses, and having tried his hand at a number of trades, Vidocq approached the police and offered to use his knowledge of the criminal world in exchange for his freedom. The police agreed, and Vidocq founded the police de surete ("security police") in 1810 and became its chief. A convict and a daredevil jail-breaker, Vidocq ran the Surete with the philosophy that to know and capture criminals one had to be a criminal oneself. His experience of life among thieves contributed to the effectiveness of his organization. Vidocq directed a network of spies and informers in a war against crime that was completely successful. His knowledge of the underworld and his reliance on criminals to catch criminals were the reasons for his success. In 1817, with only 12 full-time assistants, he was responsible for more than 800 arrests. He resigned in 1827 to start a paper and cardboard mill, where he employed former convicts. The business was a failure, and he again became chief of the detective department. Dismissed in 1832 for a theft that he allegedly organized, Vidocq created a private police agency, the prototype of modern detective agencies. It was, however, soon suppressed by the authorities. Known all over France as a remarkably audacious (brave and shocking) man, Vidocq was a friend of such authors as Victor Hugo, Honore de Balzac, Eugene Sue, and Alexandre Dumas pere. Several works were published under Vidocq's name, but it is doubtful that he wrote any of them. The figure of Vidocq is believed to have inspired Balzac's creation of the criminal genius Vautrin, one of the most vivid characters to appear in his The Human Comedy.
VOCABULARY
| security police | run | ||
| venturesome (always ready to take risks) | underworld | ||
| rash | reliance | ||
| youth | resign | ||
| convict | ; | cardboard mill | |
| dare-devil | dismiss | ||
| jail-breaker | , | allegedly | |
| approach the police | audacious |
► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Vidocq tried to become rich and socially important using dishonest and immoral methods. 2) Vidocq created the security police in England. 3) Vidocq was always ready to take risks. 4) Vidocq sometimes did something too quickly, without thinking carefully about whether it was sensible or not. 5) People called Vidocq a coward because he would not fight. 6) Vidocq spent many years in prison for serious crimes. 7) Vidocq's war against crime was completely unfortunate. 8) Vidocq is someone who enjoys adventure.
► Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.
I) Vidocq a venturesome rash youth was. 2) Vidocq always ready to take risks was. 3) Vidocq several spent periods in prison for petty offenses. 4) Vidocq his hand at a number of trades tried. 5) Vidocq his services to the state and created a new police department offered. 8) Vidocq's experience of life among thieves to the effectiveness of the security contributed police in France. 9) Vidocq a convict and a daredevil jail-breaker was. 10) Vidocq the police and offered to use his knowledge of the criminal world in exchange for his freedom approached.
II) Vidocq chief of the criminal police became. 12) Vidocq the
security police ran in France with the philosophy that to know and capture criminals one had to be a criminal oneself. 13) Vidocq a network of spies and informers in a war against crime directed. 14) Vidocq's war against crime completely successful was. 15) Vidocq's knowledge of the underworld the reason for his success was. 16) Vidocq's reliance on criminals to catch criminals the reason for his success was.
► Ex. IV: Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
► Ex. V. Complete the following statements.
1) Vidocq had bright beginnings in... 2) Vidocq spent... 3) Vidocq tried his hand at... 4) Vidocq approached... and offered... 5) Vidocq founded... and became... 6) Vidocq ran... 7) Vidocq's experience of life among thieves contributed... 8) Vidocq directed... 9) Vidocq's knowledge of... and his reliance on... were... 10) Vidocq was responsible for... 11) Vidocq resigned in... to start... where he employed... 12) Vidocq was dismissed for... 13) Vidocq created... 14) Vidocq was known as... 15) Vidocq was a friend of... 16) The figure of Vidocq is believed to have inspired...
► Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Vidocq:
a) his character;
b) his friends;
c) his career.
Retell the text Francois-Eugene Vidocq.
CHAPTER XI
MAFIA AND ITS MAFIOSI
UNIT 42
► Ex. /. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.
Mafia is a large organised group of criminals who control many illegal activities especially in Italy and the US. In the United States, the organization had adopted the name Cosa Nostra ("Our Affair"). The Mafia arose in Sicily during the Middle Ages, where it possibly began as a secret organization dedicated to overthrowing the rule of the various foreign conquerors of the island. The Mafia owed its origins and drew its members from the many small private armies, or mafie, that were hired by absentee landlords to protect their landed estates from bandits. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the energetic ruffians in these private armies organized themselves and grew so powerful that they turned against the landowners and became the sole law on many of the estates, extorting money from the landowners in return for protecting the latter's crops. The Mafia's moral code was based on omerta i.e., the obligation never, under any circumstances, to apply for justice to the legal authorities and never to assist in any way in the detection of crimes committed against others. The right to avenge wrongs was reserved for the victims and their families, and to break the code of silence was to incur reprisals from the Mafia. By about 1900 the various Mafia "families" controlled most of the economic activities in their respective localities. In the early 1920s Benito Mussolini came close to eliminating the Mafia by arresting and trying thousands of suspected mafiosi and sentencing them to long jail terms. Following World War II, the American occupation authorities released many of the mafiosi from prison, and these men proceeded to revive the organization. The Mafia's activities henceforth were directed more to industry, business, and construction, as well as the traditional extortion and smuggling. During the late 1970s the Mafia in Palermo became deeply involved in the refining and transportation of heroin for the United States. The enormous profits sparked fierce competition between various clans within the Mafia, and the resulting spate of murders led to a lot of trials in 1987.
VOCABULARY
| owe | incur | ||
| origin | reprisals | ||
| absentee landlord | , | eliminate | |
| estate | henceforth | ||
| ruffian | , | refine | , |
| extort | heroin | ||
| omerta | enormous | ||
| justice | spark | ||
| crime detection | various | ||
| avenge | spate | ||
| wrong |
► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) The Mafia governs many legal activities. 2) The Mafia came into existence in Sicily. 3) The Mafia dedicated itself to charities. 4) The Mafia was employed by absentee landlords to protect their landed estates from flying insects. 5) The Mafia became the sole law in Sicily. 6) The Mafia usually applied for justice to the legal authorities. 7) The Mafia usually facilitated in the detection of crimes. 8) The Mafia's members usually broke the code of silence. 9) Mussolini acquitted thousands of suspected mafiosi sentenced to long jail terms. 10) The Mafia's activities were not directed to business. 11) The Mafia's practice was not addressed to extortion and smuggling. 12) The Mafia wasn't engaged in the transportation of heroin.
► Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.
1) Mafia is organised group a large of criminals. 2) Mafia many illegal activities controls. 3) The Mafia's moral on the obligation never to apply for justice to the legal code was based authorities. 4) The Mafia's moral code was based on the in the detection of crimes obligation never to assist. 5) The right to avenge wrongs for the victims was reserved. 6) To was break the code of silence to incur reprisals from the Mafia. 7) The Mafia's activities to business and construction were directed. 8) The Mafia's activities to extortion and smuggling were directed. 9) The Mafia's activities for the US were directed to the transportation of heroin.
► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
► Ex. V. Complete the following statements.
1) Mafia is... 2) In the United States, the Mafia adopted... 3) The Mafia arose in... 4) The Mafia began as... 5) The Mafia owed... and drew... 6) The Mafia became... 7) The Mafia extorted... 8) The Mafia's moral code was based on... 9) The right to avenge wrongs was reserved for... 10) To break the code of silence was... 11) By 1900 the Mafia controlled... 12) Benito Mussolini came close to... 13) The Mafia's activities were directed to... 14) The Mafia in Palermo became... 15) The Mafia's profits sparked...
► Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Mafia:
a) its origins and its members;
b) its moral code;
c) its activities;
d) its relation with Mussolini and the American occupation authorities.
Retell the text Mafia.
UNIT 43
► Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.
Al Capone (1899-1947) - the most famous American gangster, who dominated organized crime in Chicago from 1925 to 1931. Capone's parents immigrated to the United States from Naples in 1893; Al, the fourth of nine children, quit school in Brooklyn after the sixth grade and joined Johnny Torrio's gang. In a silly quarrel in a brothel-saloon, a young hoodlum slashed Capone with a knife or razor across his left cheek, prompting the later nickname "Scarface." Torrio moved from New York to Chicago in 1909 to help run the brothel business there and, in 1919, sent for Capone. It was either Capone or Frankie Yale who assassinated Torrio's boss, Big Jim Colosimo, in 1920, making way for Torrio's rule. As Prohibition began, new bootlegging operations opened up and brought a lot of money. [Prohibition is the period from 1919 to 1933 in the US when the production and sale of alcoholic drinks was forbidden by law. Bootlegging is illegally making or selling alcohol.] In 1925 Torrio retired, and Capone became crime czar of Chicago, running gambling, prostitution, and bootlegging. He expanded his territories by the gunning down of rivals and rival gangs. His wealth in 1927 was estimated at close to $100,000,000. The most notorious of the bloodlettings was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre on Feb. 14, 1929. Disguising themselves as policemen, members of the Al Capone gang entered a garage at 2122 North Clark Street, lined their opponents up against a wall, and machine-gunned them in cold blood. In June 1931 Capone was indicted for income-tax evasion and in October was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to 11 years in prison and $80,000 in fines and court costs. He entered Atlanta penitentiary in May 1932 but was transferred to the new Alcatraz prison in August 1934. In November 1939, suffering from the late stage of syphilis, he was released and entered a Baltimore hospital. Later he retired to his Florida estate, where he died in 1947, a powerless recluse.
VOCABULARY
| dominate | bloodletting | ||
| organized crime | massacre | ||
| quit (quit / quitted; quitting) | disguise | ||
| grade | garage | ||
| quarrel | cold blood | ||
| brothel | indict | ||
| saloon | evasion | ||
| hoodlum | try | ||
| slash | find guilty | ||
| razor | sentence | ||
| prompt | fine | ||
| scar | court costs | ||
| open up | penitentiary | ||
| retire | , | transfer | |
| czar | suffer from | ||
| run | syphilis | ||
| gun | release | ||
| rival | powerless | ||
| notorious | ; | recluse |
► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Capone was the most famous American actor. 2) Capone dominated organized crime in Palermo. 3) Capone's parents immigrated to England in 1931. 4) Capone was the first of nine children. 5) A young hooligan cut Capone with a sword across his right cheek. 6) Capone ran a loan business in Chicago in 1919. 7) In 1920 Capone murdered one of his bosses accident tally. 8) In 1921 Capone became crime czar of Chicago. 9) Capone didn't run gambling and bootlegging. 10) Capone kept company with his rival gangs. 11) Capone became bankrupt in 1927. 12) Capone used to kill his rivals in cold blood. 13) Capone was tried and sentenced to 19 years in prison. 14) Capone suffered from megalomania. 15) Capone died of starvation.
► Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.
1) Capone the most famous American gangster was. 2) Capone organized crime in Chicago dominated. 3) Capone's parents to the US from Naples immigrated. 4) Capone became school and quit a member of a criminal gang. 5) A young hoodlum Capone with a knife across his left cheek slashed. 6) Capone crime czar of Chicago became. 7) Capone gambling and bootlegging ran. 8) Capone his territories by the gunning down of rivals and rival gangs expanded. 9) Capone for income-tax evasion was indicted. 10) Capone tried was and found guilty. 11) Capone to 11 years in prison was sentenced.
► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
► Ex. V. Complete the following statements.
1) Al Capone was... 2) Capone dominated... 3) Capone's parents immigrated to... 4) Capone quit... and joined... 5)... slashed Capone with... 6) Capone assassinated... making way for... 7) Capone became... and ran... 8) Capone expanded... 9) Capone's wealth was estimated... 10) Capone was indicted for... and sentenced to... 11) Capone suffered from... 12) Capone retired to... 13) Capone died in...
► Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Al Capone:
a) his family and his youth;
b) his help to his boss;
c) his activities and his criminal status in Chicago;
d) his life since June 1931.
Retell the text Al Capone.
UNIT 44
► Ex. I. Scan through the text Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.
Lucky Luciano (1896-1962) - the most powerful chief of American organized crime in the early 1930s and a major influence even from prison, 1936-45, and after deportation to Italy in 1946. [To deport means to make someone who is not a citizen of a particular country leave that country, especially because they do not have a legal right to stay.] Luciano immigrated with his parents from Sicily to New York City in 1906 and, at the age of 10, was already involved in mugging, shoplifting, and extortion. [Mugging is an attack on someone in which they are robbed in a public place. Shoplifting is the crime of stealing things from shops, for example by hiding them in your bag, or under your clothes. To extort means to illegally force someone to give you money by threatening them.] In 1916 he spent six months in jail for selling heroin. He earned his nickname "Lucky" for success at evading arrest and winning craps games. In 1920 he directed bootlegging, prostitution, narcotics distribution, and protection racket. [Bootlegging is illegally making or selling alcohol. Protection racket is a system in which criminals demand money from you to stop them from damaging your property.] In October 1929 he was abducted by four men in a car, beaten, stabbed repeatedly with an ice pick, had his throat slit from ear to ear, and was left for dead on a beachbut survived. Lucky Luciano never named his abductors. He took an active part in the bloody gang war of 1930-31. By 1934 Luciano had become capo di tutti capi ("boss of all the bosses"). Then, in 1935, New York special prosecutor Thomas E. Dewey bore down on Luciano, gathering evidence of his brothel and call-girl empire. In 1936 he was indicted, tried, convicted and sentenced for a 50-year term. From his prison cell Luciano continued to rule and issue orders. In 1946 his sentence was commuted and he was deported to Italy, where he settled in Rome. In Naples, Lucky Luciano continued to direct the drug traffic into the United States and the smuggling of foreigners to America. [Smuggling is the crime of taking things illegally from one country to another.] Lucky Luciano died of a heart attack in Naples in 1962.
VOCABULARY
| influence | abduct | ||
| mug | ice pick | ||
| shoplifting | slit | ||
| extortion | leave for dead | , | |
| extort | abductor | ||
| jail | bear down | ||
| heroin | brothel | ||
| earn | indict | ||
| lucky | try | ||
| evade arrest | - | convict | |
| craps | sentence | ||
| bootlegging | commute |
► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Luciano was the most powerful chief of French organized crime. 2) Luciano immigrated with his friends from Palermo to Chicago in 1910. 3) At the age of 6 Luciano participated in extortion. 4) Luciano spent ten months in jail for selling morphine. 5) Luciano deserved his alias for success at evading arrest. 6) Luciano was good at craps games. 7) Luciano made and sold alcohol illegally. 8) Luciano didn't take an active part in bloody gang wars. 9) Luciano was sentenced for a 10-year term. 10) From his prison cell Luciano wrote letters to his parents. 11) In 1946 his punishment was mitigated. 12) Luciano was deported to France, where he settled in Paris. 13) Luciano died of tuberculosis in Paris in 1972.
► Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.
1) Luciano the most powerful chief of American organized crime was. 2) Luciano with his parents from Sicily to New York City immigrated. 3) Luciano was in mugging and extortion involved. 4) Luciano six months in jail for selling heroin spent. 5) Luciano bootlegging and protection racket directed. 6) Luciano an active part in the bloody gang war of 1930-31 took. 7) Luciano was for a 50-year term sentenced. 8) From his prison cell Luciano to rule and issue orders continued. 9) Luciano of a heart attack in 1962 died.
► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
► Ex. V. Complete the following statements.
1) Lucky Luciano was... 2) Luciano immigrated... 3) At the age of 10, Luciano was involved in... 4) In 1916 Luciano spent... 5) Luciano earned his nickname for... 6) In 1920 Luciano directed... 7) In 1929 Luciano was abducted... but survived. 8) Luciano never named... 9) Luciano took an active part in... 10) By 1934 Luciano had become... 11) In 1936 Luciano was...and sentenced for... 12) From his prison cell Luciano continued... 13) In 1946 his sentence was... and he was deported to... 14)... continued to direct the drug traffic into the United States and the smuggling of foreigners to America. 15) Luciano died of...
► Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Lucky Luciano:
a) his youth;
b) his nickname;
c) his criminal activities in the US;
d) his
