.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, . ()= NA/N . , .

. . N . , , NA. . mes ( mes = 2 ) mes , ( mes = ) ..

 

. . 10 11 , 15 . ?

(10, 10). x- , y .

 

|x-y|<1/4, 0<x<1, 0<x<1, 0<y<1

() . () mesA 1- (3/4)2 = 7/16. mesW =1, P(A) = 7/16.

 

 

 

. . , . , , . , : . NA , N .

n , .. . .

 

, , P(A) :

P(A)³0, 2) P(W)=1, 3) P(A1+ +An) = P(A1) + +P(An), A1, An . .

.. , - . .

 

( ..).

 

P(A) , , :

1) P(A)³0, "AÎB - W

2) P(W) = 1

3) : A1, An

P(A1+ +An+ ) = P(A1) + +P(An) +

( ).

, .. ( ) - ( ), .

W , B S . 3 A , A.

(W, B, P).

1) . , , . 3 .

2) P(Æ) = 0. "A A+Æ = A, 3 P(A+Æ) = P(A) + P(Æ) = P(A) ÞP(Æ) = 0

3) AÌ B, P(A) £ P(B). B = A+ B\A, 3 P(B) = P(A) + P(B\A), 1 P(B\A)³0

 

. 1, 2, 3, 4 ) ) . 1) 111, 2) ?

) , N = 43, 1), NA=1, P = ¼3, 2) NA = , , P = / 43 .

) N = ,1) P = 0, , NA =0, 2) P = 1, N = NA = .

. , . , ?

N = 55. , , 5! = 5!/ 55.

2

.

, . (/) ( , ).

, . , .

. N . NA , NB , N , . . :

, , , . .

 

:

(2.1)

(2.2)

(2.3)

.

, , . NB ( ), N .

, (2.2) (2.3),

= = (2.4)

 

. .

. , , .

. (2.5)

(/) .





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