, Ω , .
, , .
, , .. .
N Ω, N , (, , ).
. NA , N , .. P(A) = . .
. 1. . Ω = { w1, w2,,w 6} N = 6.
= { w3,w6 } NA = 2.
.
2. 2- . Ω = { w11, w12,,w66 }; N =36.
wkl = (ak, bl), k,l =
() 5. = {(1,4), (2,3), (3,2), (4,1)}; NA = 4
.
3. b . .
.
, :
1) (Ω) = 1 (NA = N);
2) 0 (0 ;
3) = Ø, ( + ) = () + () (NA+B=NA+NB)
4) (Ø) = 0 (N Ø) = 0;
5) () = 1- () ( = Ø, () + () = 1);
6) , () () (NA NB).
.
: n Pk (k=1, n), mr . .
m (, ) n . ( n ), n . . , . . , . n m . , , , , , n m . ,
. , ( ) ( ), , .. , . , , . m Pm= =m!. .
|
|
( . V1 . 50 51).
. (m=2) , 3 (n=3). .
1)
(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) = 32 = 9.
2) ( ) (1,2) (1,3) (2,1) (2,3) (3,1) (3,2) .
3) (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (2,2) (2,3) (3,3)
4) ( ) (1,2) (1,3) (2,3) .
. .
N M . ( ) n . , m ?
( N n) . m M , (n-m) N-M . , , . .