() (3 | - | S, | S3e,M | () | ||||
1 II | t | = S cos a | =5 sin | Scosa, | SMsmae | |||
10138 46 | ||||||||
-2 | ||||||||
104 12 45 | ||||||||
+6,5 | +6,5 | -2,8 | ||||||
-2 | 25 51 29 | 423,678 | 423,6752 | +381,258 | +184,784 | +381,249 | +184,795 | |
18132 13 | ||||||||
+4,3 | +10,8 | ... 2.5 | ||||||
-2 | 27 23 40 | 366,123 | 366,1205 | +325,066 | +168,458 | +325,055 | +168,474 | |
174 18 00 | ||||||||
+2,4 | + 13,2 | -2,8 | ||||||
-2 | 2141 38 | 412,725 | 412,7222 | +383,493 | +152,563 | +383,481 | +152,586 | |
188 17 49 | ||||||||
+0.3 | +13,5 | -1,7 | ||||||
-2 | 29 59 25 | 248,645 | 248,6433 | +215,354 | +124,286 | +215,344 | +124,299 | |
173 28 42 | ||||||||
-1.0 | +12,5 | -1,4 | ||||||
-2 | 23 28 05 | 207,548 | 207,5466 | +190,380 | +82,653 | +190,374 | +82,664 | |
180 02 40 | ||||||||
-2,0 | +10,5 | -1,1 | ||||||
-2 | 23 30 43 | 156,267 | 156,2659 | +143,293 | +62,341 | +143,289 | +62,348 |
II
. II. 8.3 | ||||||||
184 15 11 | ||||||||
. -2,8 | ■+■7,7 | -1,0 | ||||||
-3 | 27 45 52 | 138,117 | 138,1160 | +122,216 | +64,478 | +122,213 | +64,482 | |
178 42 31 | ||||||||
-3.6 | +4.1 | -0,7 | ||||||
-3 | 26 28 20 | 107,485 | 107,4843 | +96,215 | +47,913 | +96,213 | +47,915 | |
123 08 12 | ||||||||
. 4,1 | 0.0 | |||||||
329 36 29 | ||||||||
|
|
ʳ () | |||||
YT | |||||
+212,421 | +7835,154 | -1262 | |||
+593,670 | +8109,949 | +424 | -838 | ||
+908,725 | +8188,423 | +790 | ^68 | ||
+1302,206 | +8341,099 | +1203 | -59 | ||
+1517,550 | +8465,308 | +1451 | +189 | ||
+1707,924 | +8547,972 | +1659 | +397 | ||
+1851,213 | +8610,320 | +1815 | +553 |
. II.8.3
+1973,426 | +8674,802 | +1953 | +691 | ||
+2069,639 | +8722,717 | +2060 | +799 | ||
11.8.9.
. 11.8.6. |
(. .8.6). 1, 2, 3 4 - , Xt,Yt. ֳ . dx, d2, d3,d4. ³ (= 1, 2, 3, 4). ʳ - (Xp,YP).
II
ϳ , . , YP. , , dx d2. , /3 d4.
' :
di = -)2+ & - YP)2]1/2. (.8.69)
. .8.6 .
- YP, '.
, .
|
|
YP.
. : t&Yp, . .
( t ) (.8.69) :
(.8.70)
Tt - (); dj- ( ).
г (.8.70) '.
di dt V,, :
d,=d,+V,. (II.8.71)
(.8.70) (.8.71) v;-:
!=,2,...,7;)-4
v2=F2(Tl,T2,...,Tt)-d2
(.8.72)
г (.8.72) . v;- (/= 1, 2,
..., )
' (.8.72) Ft , , . ,
ҳ. , , , . :
(.8.73)
(II.8.72) :
(.8.74) dt
, ,
(.8.74) :
(.8.75)
ϳ (.8.74) (.8.75) (.8.72), :
V] = aj87j + 6,52 + ■ + txbTt +/,
V-, =-,8, + -,-, +... + 8, +U ,
(II. 8.76)
v = 57] + ܄2 +... + tnbTt + / , ; , , v, = -,, , - V, (.8.76) , d,,
II
^/2, (.8.77)
\ - ; .
(II.8.76) ', (n+t) .
(.8.78)
v;, 8, .
87J :
(.8.79)
(.8.80)
2:
(.8.81)
㳺 8Tj, , , :
(II. 8.82)
(II.8.82) txt, D D'. , . .
' (.8.82), 5 ()
(). 5Tj (.8.76). di , , di (.8.71).
11.9.
11.9.1. ,
, . , , . . .
|
|
. 11.9.1. , |
, , , , . , .
II
, - ( , ), . ҳ . , , .
, . .9.1. . :
1.
, . ³ MN
. .
( ). , , , 1 ] +1 (j - );
Pj. 2 ,
( ); -
3> 51 2 . 3 , . ,
(.9.1)
2. '
(.9.2)
3. , .
- ' , :
4. .
. .
.
.
(.9.3)
5. ϳ X YM
,
.
11.9.2.
. 11.9.2. ' , |
. , ' , N (. . .9.2). N . XN. YM YN . , XN . . , .
II
XM-(xA-[AX\) = Vx XM-(XB+[AX]2) = V2 XM-(XN-[AX\) = V3} XN-(XC-[AX]4) = V4
XN-(XD+[AX]5) = V5
, ' [PFF] = min, , ( XN) :
(11.9.5) |
|
|
(.9.5) - ( ); (.9.4), at = 1; , bt- (,); (.9.4) bt= 1. ³ , , /,. ,
- .
ϳ (.9.5) at /, . :
(.9.6) |
' (.9.6) . :
(.9.7) |
(-[\)-+(+[]2\2+{-[\)-
(.9.7), ,
, . ( .9.3). N-XN :
(-[]4)-4+(0+[]5)5+(+[])
(.9.8)
(II.9.7) (.9.8), , ( XN) . ' . ' (). ,
(.9.7) XN , 4 ( 5):
(.9.9)
, ' (.9.7), - .
, (.9.8) ], , XNl . . . 2 (.9.7) XNl, XN2 (11.9.8) 2 ■ 3-4 . , ,
- , ( -1) , .
YM YN. ϳ
' , , .
11.9.3.
, . .
' , . .9.3. .
N ( - ') (N - N'),
~ () (N)
ocv ' tf '.
, ( ) N. , :
(.9.10)
II
. 11.9.3. ' ,
[(]. . 1
2 .
, :
(.9.11) ϳ : 1. ( - ')
1,2:
(.9.12)
1+2 (.9.12), (. ), :
2. 1,2. ³ (.9.10) :
(.9.13)
3. (N - N') , , (, ) :
,2 = ? + [ ] -180- (/ +1),. (.9.14)
4. (N N')
( , , '):
(.9.15)
Ī
(.9.16)
5. () ' '
[N - N'), ' 4 5:
(.9.17)
(.9.18)
6. ϳ ',
:
(.9.19)
7. ' ', . '
(w + l)j 2 +(■'+1)3. , :
(.9.20)
(.9.21)
(.9.21) ' . ,
, , , , . (.9.20) ' 1, 2.
8. ' , () () , 1, 2 :
|
|
(.9.22)
II
9. ' (.9.22) ,
(.9.23)
fa (.9.20), | 2' - (.9.12). (.9.23) . , (.9.23)
' - - .
10. , , ' 1 2:
(.9.24)
(.9.25)
' ', .
11.9.4. ..
, .. ' . , ( ') , , . .. . .. , , . . .9.4 . ճ A-D . : ? .. : ; : . , , ( AN) III. NA - . , AN NA . , .
, AN NA , -> DN - . , AD , BD ( DB) - . CD ( DC) . ,
, , .
. 11.9.4. . .
- /Tj, 2, ^. :
+1-2-23 -30' = 0
(.9.26)
-2 -22 + 63+24" = 0\ ' , = (+4"), 2 = (+2), = (-2). , , (+4), - (+2), - (-2). ( , III)
III: , . : II:
II
, II:
III:
N.
AD:
DA:
.
CD:
DC:
D.
D :
D II:
D III:
: \Vt ] = -fa.
11.9.5. ..
. ' fx fY .
.
() ) () jSTj, , - 1
()
, . ,
(Y) (Y)
(.9.27) |
\, ʲ A Y 1 .
. 11.9.5. . .
AY
AK.\Y) - {/] - 0, % ) + 0,22 = 0
(.9.28)
' (.9.27) (.9.28),
, " ;, ^"' ', ', ' 1
. (. .9.1). (), .
, 2, - () , ; 3, 21 > ~
AD, BD, CD . 2 3 .
, : '
, .
II
.9 ³ ()
11.9.6.
, , ', . Va. Vs..
. :
(.9.29)
:
(.9.30)
- ; - . г (n ) . , ,
, - .
ms .
Pt
ײ-, (.9.31)
ddt)Pd
, , , ', , , .
IJ III. ² ² Ʋ ( ί Dz)
111.1.
///. 1.1.
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, -, , : (), ; ; .
, . , , .
. , ' .
, ' .
ϳ , - . , .
- , -
( 糿)
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(.1.1) - ; - .
(.1.1) :
(III. 1.2)
(.1.1) , S . (1 = 11(9)
III
, . . , ' ( ) , . , , , .
糿 GPS (Global Positioning System), . , .
糺. :
;
' ' , GPS ;
, ;
;
.
GPS- , , 糿, , , , .
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( )
111.1.2.
GPS . 12 . - Navigation System with Time and Raining, Global Position System. NAVSTAR/GPS. : , . ( ), "". 糿. , GALLILEO.
GPS- , , . :
1. .
2. .
3. .
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ϳ 18 , . , - . 1986 . 21,
III
. "" . , 24 , , 55, . , . , 20200 , . , ' ' "", , , , - .
GPS (-), , ' , . . , , , , ps . , .
7 2, , , .
, : , (PRN), , , . , , , , PRN.
' GPS. : Block , Block II, Block , Block IIR, Block IIF. Block Block II, 55, 63. , Block Block II, ' . Block
( )
, Block II .
Block II GPS ( 21 ). Block II 50 . 1500 . 14 1989 " II" . , . , . , .
, Block IIF ( follow on - ), 2001 2010 . ֳ , , .
Block IIF 14-15 , L5, 1176,45 , , .
. ( 1413) 12 1982 . 1998 . 74 , . 2000 . 8 .
' 24 , , 64,8. 19100 , 11 15 44 . 1415 . , , . 24 "".
NAVSTAR/GPS . , GPS , . . ,
III
( ), , .
, , , , .
. II. 1.1.
, , 1995 . "". ( ) , , , 10"13. ', , , .
. . , , . , . ֳ . .
. . . , .
:
MCS (Master Control Station), Colorado Springs;
GPS (Ground Control Station), ;
(Monitor Station). (Ascension) , ij- ;
.
( 糿)
, . , , . ³ . ³ 15 . , . . ( ) 12 . ֳ , , , , - GPS. ³- ' , . , . ֳ , () .
. , '. ʳ , .
, ' .
, , . : Trimble, Ashtech (), Leica (), Sercel (), Sokkia (). , . , , :
;
.
, , - . , .
, , . .
III