.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

: , .

8.2. , , , ( 8.3). : = + .

8.3
, , , = 1, 2, , n 1.

:

8.4
1. : + = + ( 8.4).

 

2. : ( + ) + = + ( + ) ( 8.5).

 

8.5

 


3. + = .

4. + (− ) = .

8.3. (: ) , , . . = , + = ( 8.6).

, = = + (− ).

 

8.6

 


8.4. ≠ 0 α ≠ 0 ( = α), :

) ;

) ;

) α > 0 α < 0.

.

1) .

2) .

3) .

4) , = α α.

 

( 8.7). 1 , 1 .

8.7
1 1 , +, , −, . : .

.

1. = × cos( ^ ) ( 8.8);

2. ( + ) = + ( 8.9);

3. () = + + ;

4. () = ( ) ( 8.10);

5. () = ( + + ( ) .

       
 
8.8
 
8.9


8.10


 

Oxyz . = , = y , Z = z . X, Y, Z . = (, , Z).

8.1. ( 1; 1; z 1) ( 2; 2; z 2) , :

= 2 1, = 2 1, Z = z 2 z 1.

. = . ( 8.11), = │ │= = 2 1, . . 1 1, 2.

( 8.12), = −│ │= − = −( 1 2) = 2 1.

 

       
 
8.11
 
8.12


, ( 1; 1; z 1) ( 2; 2; z2) = 2 1.

.

= ( 1; 1; z 1), = ( 2; 2; z 2),, = (n; n; zn) , . , :

1) = ( );

2) + + + = ( 1++ n; y 1++ n; z 1++ zn);

3) = ( 1 2; 1 2; z 1 z 2);

4) +... + = ( );

5) = Þ 1 = 2, 1 = 2, z 1 = z 2.

 





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