3.1. d ( 0; 0) ℓ, + + = 0
d = . (3.1)
. ℓ + + = 0, ( 0; 0). ℓ ( 1; 1) F ( 2; 2). ,
d = h = .
(1.6) 1
SMEF = │(x 2 x 1)(y 0 y 1) (x 0 x 1)(y 2 y 1)│.
EF = .
d = . (3.2)
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.
:
( 1)( 2 1) = ( 1)( 2 1),
( 2 1) + ( 1 2) + ( 1( 2 1) 1(2 1)) = 0.
, ℓ + + = 0,
, = m (y 2 y 1),
B = m (x 1 x 2),
C = m ( 1( 2 1) 1( 2 1))
m ¹ 0.
(3.2)
d = =
= = =
= = .
. ℓ 3 4 + 10 = 0 (4; 3). ℓ.
. (3.1)
d = = . : 2.
ℓ 1 ℓ 2 . :
(3.3)
:
)
( 1 2 2 1) = 1 2 1 2 . (3.4)
) . (3.5)
:
1) 1 2 21 ¹ 0 . . 1 2 ¹ 2 1 Þ . (3.4) (3.5) (3.3):
= , = . (3.6)
(3.3) , ℓ 1 ℓ 2 . (3.6) .
2) 1 2 2 1 = 0 . . 1 2 = 2 1 Þ .
2.1) 2 1 1 2 = 0 1 2 1 2 = 0.
1 2 = 2 1, 2 1= 1 2 1 2 = 1 2, , , .
, . 1 = kA 2, B 1 = kB 2, C 1 = kC 2. , ℓ 1 : kA 2 x + kB 2 y + kC 2 = 0 A 2 x + B 2 y + C 2 = 0.
, ℓ 1 ℓ 2, , .
2.2) 2 1 1 2 ¹ 0 1 2 1 2 ¹ 0.
, 2 1 1 2 ¹ 0, . . 2 1 ¹ 1 2 Þ . (3.5) 0 × = 2 1 1 2. , , (3.3) . , ℓ 1 ℓ 2 , . . . , 1 2 1 2 ¹ 0.
, :
1) , ℓ 1 ℓ 2 (3.6);
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2) , ℓ 1 ℓ 2 ;
3) , ℓ 1 ℓ 2 .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
, , . , , .
4.1. , , , , .
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M (x, y) . F 1 M + F 2 M = 2 a > 2 c, a > c.
F 1 M = , F 2 M = , + = 2 a.
:
()2 = (2 a − )2,
(x 2 + 2 cx + c 2) + y 2 = 4 a 2 4 a + (x 2 2 cx + c 2) + y 2,
a = a 2 cx.
,
a 2(x 2 2 cx + c 2 + y 2) = a 4 2 cxa 2 + c 2 x 2,
(a 2 c 2) x 2 + a 2 y 2 = a 2(a 2 c 2).
a > c, a 2 c 2 > 0 b 2 = a 2 c 2.
b 2 x 2 + a 2 y 2 = a 2 b 2,
= 1. (4.1)
, (4.1).
: M(x, y) (4.1), M .
(4.1) y 2: y 2 = b 2(1 ).
F 1 M = = = = = = = │ │.
. . c < a (4.1) ≤ 1, . . x 2 ≤ a 2, │ x │ ≤ a, . , │ │= . F 2 M = .
F 1 M + F 2 M = .
(4.1): b 2 > 0 Þ a 2 c 2 > 0, . . a > c, 2 a > 2 c. , M .
(4.1) . (4.1) 4.2.
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ε = .
0 c < a, 0 ε < 1. M F 1 M F 2 M. r 1 r 2 :
r 1 = a + ε x, r 2 = a ε x.
(4.1) , b > a, OB = b, Oy, a 2 = b 2 c 2.
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, a = b, (4.1)
= 1 x2 + y2 = a2
( 4.3). c = 0, ε = 0.
R A 0(x 0, y 0):
(x x ) +(y y ) = R .
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F 1( c, 0) F 2(c, 0) . F 1 F 2 = 2 c ( 4.4). , , 2 a. 2 a < 2 c, . . a < c.
M (x; y) . . 4.1,
= 1, b 2 = c 2 a 2. (4.2)
(4.2) . (4.2) 4.5. MNKL, MN = LK = 2 a, ML = NK = 2 b, .
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x 2 y 2 = a 2.
= 1 (4.3)
Oy ( 4.6).
, (4.2) (4.3) , . (. . ). (4.2)
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c > a, ε > 1. M F 1 M F 2 M. r 1 r 2:
r 1 = ε x + a, r 2 = ε x a,
r 1 = ε x − a, r 2 = ε x + a.
4.3. , , , , , .
F (, 0), p > 0, . x = ( 4.7). M (x, y) . K M , ( , y). 4.3 MK = MF.
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:
,
y 2 = 2 px. (4.4)
(4.4) . p . (4.4) 4.8. O , . y 2 = 2 px, Oy ( 4.9). x 2 = 2 py x 2 = 2 py, p > 0 , 4.10 4.11, .
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1. . ?
2. . ?
3. ?
4. . , ? O y?
5. ?
6. ? , ?
7. . , ? ?