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... . (/. St. Mill. Principles of Political Economy. Vol. I. London, 1848, . 239, 240).
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[] . , , , , . , , (De Orbe Novo[cxxvi]), , , (W. H. Pres-cott. History of the Conquest of Mexico. 5th edition. Vol. I, London, 1850, . 123).
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1823 . , 80 , , 18- (. Merivale. Lectures on Colonization and Colonies. Vol. I, London, 1841, . 52). () ( ) ... 1619 . . . ( , I, . 9192).
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[VII45] : aes grave[cxxvii], (emere per aes et libram[cxxviii]). [cxxix]. 485 . ; = 10 . ( 40 ; 510 . 75 ; = 10 , 10 4 .) 513 . 2 ; 10 , 1/84 . , 1/84, , 537 . 16 1 , 665 . 16 1/2 ... 485 . = 1 63 ; 510 . = 87 ; 513 707 . = 78 . = 1 (Dureau de La Malle. Economie politique des Romains. Tome I. Paris, 1840, . 15, 16, 448, 450).
1 1 400: 1. 2- = 112: 1 ( , I, . 76, 8182).
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[VII46] :
, , , , , , (John Dalrymple. An Essay towards a general history of Feudal Property in Great Britain. 4th edition. London, 1759, . 124).
, . , , , . ()... 8 = 1 ; 1 , , = 2 , 3 . , - ( ) (Hüllmann. Städtewesen des Mittelalters. I. Theil. Bonn, 1826, . 402404).
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, , ... , , , . (, )[cxxxii] [71] , . : ... (, , )... IX . , , pfundig[cxxxiii], pfünding... , : , [pfündige Denaren], Pfündinge... , XII , , [Stern], : , , ... =- ... XIV 320 , 20 ... - -, ... , 12 ... = 12 (), .
, , Hälblinge... , . . . . ... , Gros deniers, Grossi, Groschen, Groten, XIII . ( , . 415433).
, , , , , ... , , . , . XII . . . - . , , , , . , , , , . . (. , II, . 3645).
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, [] 1425 {Hüllmann. Städtewesen des Mittelalters. II. Theil. Bonn, 1827, . 55). . . . . , ó , [VII47] . , . , 100%. 1344 . 2162/3%. 431/3%... 40%, XIIXIV 20%... 121/2% ... II 10%, ; . 10% XIII ( , . 5557).
(S. P. Newman. Elements of Political Economy. Andover and New York, 1835, . 296). , , ( ). , [] ( , . 297).
, , (John Gray. The Social System. A Treatise on the Principle of Exchange. Edinburgh, 1831, . 16) [ , . 86]. , , : ( , . 18) [ , . 87]. , , ( , . 21) [ , . 88].
, , . , , . , , , , . , , . . , , , ... , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , : , , . ., , , ... , , , , , . , . : , , , , , , , ? , , (Ch. Coquelin. Du Crédit et des Banques dans l'Industrie. Revue des Deux Mondes[74], 31, 1842 .,. . 799-800).
, . !.. , ... ... ... ... , . , , , ; , ... , , , , , . . , . . ( , . 801, 802, 80S).
, (Th. Corbet. An Inquiry into the Causes and Modes of the Wealth of Individuals. London, 1841, . 81).
, . , (S. P. Newman. Elements of Political Economy. Andover and New York, 1835, . 80).
, , , . , ( , . 81). , , ( ).
( , . 82). .
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