- ( , )
- ( )
- , , .
(
, , , , ).
,
, , , .. . :
(employed - E) , , ,
, ( ). , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) - . , , .
(unemployed - U) , , . , , .
, :
L = E + U
( , ,
, , . , , .)
, . , .
, . , . , . , . (, ), , , , . , , ( ; ; ). ( ) , , , .
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. (rate of unemployment - u) ( ), :
u = U/L × 100% u = U/(E + U) × 100%
(labour force participation rate), ( 16 ) , :
= × 100%