,
. S1, -
R ,
I S2
. ,
(R) , -
( D
S) (. 3-5);
4) ,
. , W1, , L2. LF L2 . , , . . , . .
(.3-3()) (1). - (, ), , (Y2 < Y*), ( ). , , . ;
5) (
) , , .. , , . , , , . , , . ;
6) ( ) -
, . demand-side, .. ;
7) , ..
, , , , .. short-run. , , , : (In long run we are all dead).
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(SRAS short-run aggregate supply), (, , ), . (.3-6()). , , , .
,
( , , .. , ) , ( , ) (SRAS) , (.3-6()).
. 3-6
) )
SRAS SRAS
P
Y Y
(LRAS long-run aggregate supply) ( .3.7()), , ( ), , . , . , ( (.3-7()). 1 2 (Y*).
.3.7.
) ) ) )
LRAS LRAS1 LRAS2
SRAS SRAS1
2 2
11SRAS3
SRAS2
Y* Y Y1* Y2* Y Y1 Y2 Y Y
,
LRAS (.3.7()) / () , ( Y1* Y2*) . ( ) , : Y= AF (L, K, H, N), Y - , F (...) - , , - , , L - , K - , H - , N - . / LRAS , ( ). / , ( LRAS ).
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. (2 > 1), .. , (Y2 > Y1) (.3.7.()). , . , ( ) SRAS ( ).
, , , , , . , , - ( SRAS1 SRAS2). , , - ( SRAS1 SRAS3) (.3-7()).
AD-AS. AD-AS
. ( ) . , ( ) .
.3-8. AD-AS.
) ) AD2 ) LRAS
AD2 AD1 AD2
AD1 2 SRAS 2 AD1
1
SRAS 1
Y1 Y2 Y Y1 Y2 Y Y* Y
.3-8, ( ) . , AS , AD (Y1 Y2), (.3-8 ()). , ( Y1 Y2), ( 1 2) (.3-8()). ( - Y*), ( 1 2) (. 3-8 ()).
, AS. .3-9, ( , ) ( Y1 Y2) ( 1 2).
. 3-9. AD-AS
) ) SRAS1 ) LRAS1 LRAS2
AD AD SRAS2
1 SRAS1 1
2 SRAS2 2 2
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1 AD
Y1 Y2 Y Y1 Y2 Y Y1* Y2* Y
, ( SRAS) (.3-9 () . 3-9 ()), ( LRAS) (Y*), . (.3-9 ()).
AD-AS .
() LRAS () LRAS
SRAS 2
2 SRAS2 3 SRAS1
1 SRAS1 2
A 1 A AD2
AD1 AD2 AD1
Y* Y2 Y Y* Y2 Y
. 3-10.
, ( ), : AD, SRAS LRAS. , AD AD2 (.3-10 ()). , , , , (Y2) (Y*). ( ). ( ) , , ( SRAS SRAS2), ( 1 2) Y*. (.), , , . ( ) ( ). . : , , , . , .. .
, , AS (.3-10()). , , ( ), . SRAS, . , , , (Y2), (2). , , (, ) (W/P2 < W/P1). (, ), ( ) ( - SRAS), ( 2 3). , .
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. , . ( ) ( ) AD AS.
(positive shocks) AD . AS: , (SRAS); -, (SRAS); , (LRAS). (adverse shocks) AD , AS ( SRAS ), - ( SRAS) (LRAS).
: ; (, , - ). (. 3-10), , (Y2 > Y*), , .. .
( ) (. 3-11), ( ), . - ( , .. , , , ). - , (Y2 < Y*). , ( 1 2), .. ( ), ( AD), - , .