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3. . a (an) an, one (: ein, un ).
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, . Denis said that to a man they hated their exploiters.
. The four centres lie in a plane.
. A volt or two above the ground state.
, . It is more appropriate to discuss organometallic compounds as a group than to attempt a rigid classification into types and subtypes.
, , , , . If the atoms are centered on points in a plane, for example, a plane in a lattice array corresponding to a crystallographic plane, two directions of scattering have special properties.
, . These criteria prove conclusively whether
a compound is an unsymmetrical molecule or a mixture of two symmetrical compounds.
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. All the three oxygen atoms lie in a plane with the carbon atom.
. This extra variable compensates for the loss of a dimension in passing to singular phase space.
62 . In a year the stallion produces about 62 g of hormone.
, . Cholic acid was known to contain a carboxyl group and three alcoholic hydroxyl groups.
1500 . In addition to this another 1500 Ibs. of coal are needed to produce a ton of finished steel.
. Reactions such as we have described have been known for over a century.
, . A chapter will be devoted to developing the concept of productivity that we are to employ in this study.
, , , , , . This compound is probably the same as that formed in the flow with excess of amine except that the molybdenum compound has taken up a mole of amine.
4. dozen, hundred, thousand, million.
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, . Of the two reactions the second goes about a thousand times as fast as the first.
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There are about a million inhabitants in the town.
About a hundred of new derivatives of isoxazole were discovered.
There were about a dozen people in the laboratory.
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. A degree of inhomogeneity may be normally expected in the products.
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. A quantity of the imfractionated hemicellulose was hydrolysed.
6. half an hour, half a degree, a quarter.
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. The reaction proceeded for half an hour.
. The temperature of the solution should be controlled within half a degree or so.
. The issue remained controversial for over a quarter of a century.
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, , , . This behavior is typical of the bases as a class, and formation of an alcohol, in the one instance where production of an alkene is impossible represents a special case.
. In the first step the alcohol functions as a Lewis base and accepts a proton to form an oxonium ion.
. In no case was an amide formed in the reaction with an amine.
, , , . In order to define a polymer completely, its chemical composition and distribution of molecular size are not enough a knowledge of the shape of the molecules is also necessary.
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1 . L. and M. F i e s . Style Guide for Chemists. N. Y. London, 1960, p. 3.
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( ). The reaction mixture was let stand overnight in a refrigerator.
. The product passed to a separator.
- . We used a cathode-ray tube and a suitably designed amplifier.
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The ion current was measured by a galvanometer with a sensitivity of 2,4 X 10 amp/mm deflection. The temperatures were read to the nearest 0,5 by a calibrated thermocouple. Stomatal opening was determined by a resistance porometer with a leafcup attached to a snap spring device to ensure a rapid seal to the leaf.
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. The extracts were placed overnight in the icebox (refrigerator).
9. , , 1. , a yellow brittle substance , ( , , ) ( ).
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. In a related reaction a poor yield of dimethylchlorothiosphate was obtained.
. A vigorous and even fermentation.
. A five-membered ring expands the external angles.
, . Consider a dropping electrode immersed in a pure diluted solution of cadmium chloride.
, , . A base angle may, exceptionally, be a right angle.
. There is a parallel difference between the alcohols and the ethers.
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. ., 1960, . 55, 61.
. There has been a renewed interest in this compound in recent years.
. more general theory must be sought to account for these interconversions.
. An elevated temperature favours settling.
2 . Such is the case when 2 is chemisorbed on a metal surface.
, , . When a constant current is passed through an electrolysis cell, the cathode potential assumes a value which at any instant is determined by the composition of the solution.
, , , , . One member of the double bond is represented by a full line, to indicate that it extends above, or in front of, the plane of the paper or blackboard, and the other is represented by a dotted line.
- . Each of the carbon-oxygen links is a double bond in one structure and a single bond in the other.
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, . Benzene is a stronger acid than ethane.
-. One reaction mechanism is an internal oxidation-reduction involving a hydride-ion shift.
, . Explosives are compounds or mixtures which undergo a very rapid decomposition.
, . The reaction occurs in the presence of thalliun hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or certain other bases, and bears a superficial resemblance to an ordinary aldol condensation.
, , , . If a small library of such standard films is available an identification of a compound in a mixture is to be followed by the use of a standard film to eliminate all lines belonging to this component from further considerations.
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An ion-emission microscope so powerful it can magnify the head of a pin to cover a 250-mile area or can be used to study a mass made up of only nine atoms, is used at our research laboratory.
One may regard the technique of using deviations as a revolutionary innovation which streamlines all networks and transistor calculations by placing a powerful new mathematical tool in the hands of the circuit designer.
A new hard-soldered structure is described which has been proved by long experience to eliminate fatigue failure completely.
The requirement existed for a replaceable cartridge unit which could be readily inserted into a mount and set for optimum operation with a minimum of controls.
11. (first, second, etc.) . , , . ., .
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. A second smaller step is also produced just before the final increase in current.
d- 1- . A second notation uses the lowercase letters d- and 1- to denote configuration.
. In brominating the ketone a second bromine atom enters the nucleus.
, . In a third contribution Bodroux carried this reaction still further in the hope of finding some hydrocarbons among the products, but was unsuccessful.
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. A further five-membered ring was established.
, . The same product was obtained when the monoadduct was heated with a further quantity of ethyl diazoacetate.
1 . . . a p x , . . . , ., . 55.
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The parent acid is a liquid or solid. These two types of polymerisation reactions generate a univalent free radical, or free ion. The free acid is an internal salt or zwitterion. A selenocyanate is reduced by a metal and acid to the selenomercaptan.
. . , , ( , : a reaction, an , : an atom). : an amine or a phenol; a phenol and an amine 1. -, , , .
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, . The given system is fixed by a real or an imaginary boundary through which may pass, in or out, energy in one or more of its many forms.
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. A deficit or an excess of one planetary electron in the shell of an atom.
, . Elemental analysis favours a methylene bridged rather than an hydroxymethylated structure.
. A carboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof.
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, : Only later was it discovered what important an innovation it was.
1 L. and M. F i e s e r. Op. cit., p. 4.
, , . Such a laborious procedure is obviously not suitable for routine identifications.
. Examples of such a reaction immediately come to mind.
. Such an ion is the result of a terminal methyl shift.
, , , , . A dibasic acid, which can form both normal and acid salts, is not so useful a resolving agent as a monobasic acid.
, . It is not so simple a problem as it seems.
. It is too unstable a compound to react under mild conditions.
, . It is too urgent a matter to be postponed.
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. . We have suggested a mechanism of the reaction. The mechanism is described in the following section.
. We shall find it interesting to consider the reason for the difference in rates.
, . An objection to the mercury pool arises from the fact that it must be replaced.
. The matter will be discussed in the next chapter.
, . The value agrees reasonably well with those quoted by Hampton.
. The question calls for systematic work.
, . It was not long before the deductions were shown to be correct.
. square function fits the data best.
, VI ω-. At the time it was not khown that the ethynyl group of VI has the unnatural α-orientation.
, 5- 9,11 . The reaction is noteworthy in view of the fact that in the 5β-series a 9,11 double bond is inert to osmoum tetroxide.
