WhiteCastle. 1921 - , 170 , . " , - , - White Castle, , , 5... 35 ". White Castle "". .- - . : $1,28 , , McDonald's. No2: , . White Castle Egg McMuffin( McDonald's), Whooper ( Burger King), , "". , . White Castle .
* 14. *
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Sperry Rand IBM
1943 . ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (. ). 30 , . . , - . . Sperry Rand, , UNIVAC, 1950 . 1951 Univac Sperry Rand ( ). IBM, . - XX . . : Sperry Rand , IBM - . . , . , IBM . - , , . . : " , , , ". , IBM Sperry Rand 50- . , : " - , ". - . , - . Sperry Rand, IBM , . , : 60%, 70%. " ". IBM 70- "". 1854 . , . - . , IBM, . RCA IBM . . , , . . . . IBM RCA GE, . BUNCH (Burroughs, Univac, NCR,Control Data Honeywell). I? - .DEC IBM: 1
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DEC IBM: 2
DEC, IBM , 8- " ". , -, , . ? ? ? ? ? , . ( ) . , , $1 . DEC. , , . , , . 70- DEC . , IBM DEC . , DEC , . No2: - . DEC . DEC , , . ,, : " ". , , General Motors . - , , . , " , , ". DEC , , , " ", . , . , . , , . " " " ". , General Motors Radio Shack TRS-80? ( Trash-80 - "".) Commodore Pets Apple IP DEC , " " : IBM PC. , , DEC . 1. DEC Radio Shack, ComputerLand . . 2. DEC , Wang , , NBI Lanier. 3. DEC , IBM. . 4. DEC . DEC $24 Trilogy, Ltd. -, , IBM. , DEC - - . , DEC , . 1980 DEC . 1981 IBM PC.DEC IBM: 3
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IBM
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IBM IBM
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Apple IBM: 1
Apple Apple II - " " . , " ", , , . Apple . . II Plus. II. , . ( - .) IIc. IIe, , - . Apple III - , . Apple III , II( III , ). Apple III - -. , Armonk PCjr. " ", - Time, . " , - , - IBM ". Apple. , , 100- PCjr . 18 " " - Entry Systems IBM. PCjr IBM, . PCjr $150 , ,, - $46 . , , . , , , . , . : . " ", , ComputerLand, Micro Age, Entru . " IBM ", - IBM Fortune. IBM, DEC, Xerox, . , . .Apple IBM: 2
- , - . "Apple IBM". , , , Apple IBM. , Digital Equipment Corp. , Macintosh, $200 , No2 . Apple . Apple - , . . , Macintosh Apple. , . , Macintosh Apple. . , Apple, . "Apple 5 ", - . - Apple Apple II. , . Apple .No2 IBM
" XX, - Time. - , , , , ; , Apple Commodore. , ". " , IBM General Motors . , "" "" ?" - Time. No2? IBM , , , - No2. Digital. . . . Hertz Avis. Coke Pepsi. General Motors Ford. McDonald's BurgerKing. No2. , - . : AT&T, Burroughs, Compaq,Data General, Hewlett-Packard, ITT. Motorola, NCR, Sperry, Wang, Xerox Zenith. : Epson, Fujitsu, Hitachi,Minolta, Mitsubishi, NEC, Oki, Panasonic, Sanyo Toshiba. ? . . , . , No2. AT&T , . Burroughs , . Compaq IBM - , . Data General DEC . ITT- . , - . NCR National Cash Register, . - . Sperry - , . Wang . , . Xerox - . IBM , Xerox - . Zenith . . , . , , , ?Hewlett-Packard. . , Hewlett-Packard . DEC. , Apple. Hewlett-Packard IBM. IBM . Hewlett-Packard IBM, Apple. , Hewlett-Packard "". .* 15. *
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