1. :
- , . . -, + . -, (, , , = 1,5). -, + . . , , .
2. :
; ; ; ; . ; ; .
3. :
1. . .
2. . . . , .
3. , -, .
4. : , , .
5. , . . , .
6. .
7. . .
8. (, , , ).
9. pH . .
10. . . . , .
11. . - .
4. :
: | |
1. | [H+] , =0,1 /, α=100% |
2. | [H+] , =0,01 /, α=0,042 |
3. | 0,2 0,03. [H+], [H-] . |
4. | pH , 200 CH3COOH (=0,1 /) 100 CH3COONa (c=0,2 /). pH 10 NaOH (=0,1/) 15 ? |
5. | pH , 200 NH4Cl (c=0,1 /) 150 NH3H2O (c=0,25 /) |
6. | 100 25 HCl (c=0,05/), pH 7,36 6,9. . |
4. | pKa , pH 1 0,01 0,0139 - ( ) 4,0. |
: | |
1. | NaOH → Na+ + OH- [OH-] = C ∙ α = 0.1-/ [+] = 10-14 = 10-13 = -lg10-13 = 13 10-1 |
2. | CH3COOH → H+ + CH3COO- [H+] = C ∙ α = 0.01 ∙ 0.042 = 4.2 ∙ 10-4 pH = -lg 4.2 ∙ 10-4 = 4 lg4.2 = 3.38 |
3. | HA → H+ + A- [H+] = C ∙ α; [H+] = 0.2 ∙ 0.03 = 6 ∙ 10-3 [OH-] = 1∙10-14 = 1.7∙10-12 pOH = -lg 1.7∙10-12 = 12-lg1.7 = 11.78 6∙10-3 |
4. | ) ; =4.74 ) NaOH: pH 4.78-4.74=0.04 ) 15 : pH . |
5. | |
6. | |
7. | -: |
|
|
1. ():
1. | - , : | |
A | HCOO | |
B | - | |
C | 32- | |
D | + | |
2. | - , : | |
A | + | |
B | + | |
C | Na+ | |
D | - | |
3. | : | |
A | , | |
B | , | |
C | Na, | |
D | , | |
4. | 0,15 ; : | |
A | 0,7 | |
B | 0,15 | |
C | 0,9% | |
D | 9% | |
5. | : | |
A | ||
B | ||
C | ||
D | ||
6. | 8, : | |
A | lg 10-8 | |
B | 10-6 | |
C | 10-8 | |
D | 10-2 | |
7. | 0,0001 : | |
A | 12 | |
B | 10 | |
C | 11 | |
D | 4 | |
8. | : | |
A | ||
B | ||
C | ||
9. | : | |
A | HCN | |
B | NaOH | |
C | NH4OH | |
D | l | |
10. | : | |
A | ||
B | ||
C | ||
11. | : | |
A | ||
B | ||
C | () | |
D | + | |
12. | , , : | |
A | 3 + 2 = 3 + | |
B | NH4+ + H2O = NH4OH + H+ | |
C | NH4+ + CH3COO + H2O = NH4OH + CH3COOH | |
D | Al3+ + H2O = AlOH2+ + H+ | |
13. | , , : | |
A | HCOO + HOH = OH + HCOOH | |
B | NH4+ + HOH = H+ + NH4OH | |
C | Al3+ + CH3COO + HOH = AlOH2+ + CH3COOH | |
D | NH4+ + CN + HOH = NH4OH + HCN | |
14. | : | |
A | ||
B | ||
C | ||
D | ||
15. | : | |
A | , , | |
B | , | |
C | ||
D | , | |
16. | : | |
A | NaCl, HHb, NaHb, HCl | |
B | NaHCO3, CO2∙H2O, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4 | |
C | NaHCO3, CO2∙H2O, Na2SO4, H2SO4 | |
D | 3Na, 3, NH4OH, NH4Cl | |
17. | pH ? | |
A | ||
B | ||
C | ||
D | ||
18. | : | |
A | 1. 6,80-6,90 | |
B | 2. 7,90-8,02 | |
C | 7,36-7,42 | |
D | 7,42-7,50 | |
19. | (=7,36-7,40) : | |
A | ||
B | ||
C | ||
D | () | |
20. | (=7,25) : | |
A | ||
B | ||
C | ||
D |
6. ( ):
|
|
1. ( , ) , :
) Na2S
) NH4Cl
) NO3
2. [H+] H2SO4, C(H2SO4) = 0,01 /, α = 100%
3. pH , 1 0,1 NaOH, α=100%.
4. ,
0,45%.
5. pH , 15
NaHO3, = 0,1 / 50 H2O3, = 0,02 /. (pKa = 6,35).
8. , 200 렠
N 4CI, (NH4CI) = 0,1 / 100 N4OH, (NH4) = 0,2 /
(pKb(NH4) = 4,75).
9. 25 4,3 5,0 0,1M HCl, 3,7. .
|
|
7. :
1