1. :
, . , .
, . , , .
(.. ) , .. , , , , .
2. :
, , , , , , , .
3. :
1. . . , . .
2. . . . , . . .
3. . . . , .
4. .
5. . . . , ( , , , , , , , ).
6. . .
7. . -.
8. . . .
9. . . -. (, , ).
10. .
11. - ( ).
4. :
| : | |
| 1. | (Δº -) .: 4N3()+52()→4NO()+62(), () . |
| 2. | 2S2()+2()→2S3(). , - . |
| 3. | : 4()+22()→2()+22(), . |
| 4. | ( ): 6126 → 2 6 - |
| 5. | (II) : 2NO() + Cl2() 2NOCl(). 2,2∙104 /(∙). NOCl, NO = 1,00∙10-6 /, Cl2 = 0,50∙10-6 /. NO Cl2. |
| 6. | 300 64 . (γ). |
| 7. | : CO2() + () ↔ 2CO(), ΔH = +171 /. ) ? ) 2? |
| 8. | ? )N2() + 3H2() ↔ 2NH3(), )CO2() + () ↔ 2CO(), )Fe3O4() + 4H2() ↔ 3Fe() + 4H2O(). |
| : | |
| 1. | Δº - = ∑ Δº(. -) - ∑ Δº .(. -); Δº - = [4 ´ Δº (NO) + 6 ´ Δº .(2)] [4 ´ Δº.(NH) + 5 ´ Δº.(2)]. Δº - = [4 ´ 91 + 6 ´ (-286) ] - [4 ´ (-46) + 5 0] = -1168 , . |
| 2. | 2S2() + 2() = 2S3(); 2 1 2 Δº = ∑ Δº (.) - ∑ Δº (.) = [2 (-396)] - [2 (-297) + 1(0)] = -198 . -198 . . |
| 3. | ΔSº = [2Sº(2()) + Sº(2 ())] [Sº(4()) + 2Sº(2())] ΔSº = [2´70 + 213,7] [186,3 + 2´205,0] = -242,4 ´-1. |
| 4. | , .. . . ΔGº() = ∑ ΔGº( ) - ∑ ΔGº( ) ΔGº() =[2´ (-539)] - [-917]= -161 . , ..ΔG < 0. |
| 5. | 2NO () + Cl2 () 2NOCl ()
=  .
|
| 6. |  , υ T 2 2, υ T 1 1, γ ( 2-4), , 
|
| 7. | ) , ΔH > 0, . -, , , , CO2() + () ↔ 2CO(), ( ). ) -, , , , ( ). |
| 8. | -, , , , ( = 2), 2 ( ), ( ). |
5. ():
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| 1. | : | |
| t = 0o, p =1 | ||
| t =20o, p = 101,3 | ||
| = 298, p = 101,3 | ||
| = 273, p = 101,3 | ||
| 2. | , | |
| . | ||
| , . | ||
| , . | ||
| , . | ||
| 3. | : | |
| Δ (.) = ΔH1 + Δ2 + Δ3 | ||
| Δ (.) = ∑Δ(. . -.) - ∑Δ(. . -.) | ||
| Δ(.) = ΔG + ΔS | ||
| Δ(.) = ΔG - ΔS | ||
| 4. | : | |
| Δ (.) = ΔH1 + Δ2 + Δ3 | ||
| Δ (.) = ∑Δ (. -.) - ∑Δ (. -.) | ||
| Δ(.) = ΔG + ΔS | ||
| Δ(.) = ΔG-ΔS | ||
| 5. | : | |
| 6. | : | |
| 7. | ... | |
| (Δ > 0) | ||
| (S < 0) | ||
| (Δ < 0) | ||
| 8. | : 3 MgO + 2 H 3 PO 4 → Mg 3 (PO 4)2 + 3 H 2 O | |
| Δ > 0; ΔG = 0 | ||
| Δ < 0; ΔG > 0 | ||
| Δ > 0; ΔG < 0 | ||
| Δ = 0; ΔG < 0 | ||
| 9. | : 2 Au 3+ + 3 Fe → 2 Au + 3 Fe 2+, ΔG- < 0. ? , ? | |
| , | ||
| , | ||
| , | ||
| , | ||
| 10. | - : | |
| , | ||
| , | ||
| , | ||
| 11. | : | |
| /() | ||
| / | ||
| / | ||
| /() | ||
| 12. | , : + 34 = + 2 . . | |
| 13. | υ = k [CO] [H2]2 : | |
| 0 | ||
| 1 | ||
| 2 | ||
| 3 | ||
| 14. | υ = k [A]2 [B]. | |
| 2 | ||
| 4 | ||
| 8 | ||
| 16 | ||
| 15. | 10 | |
| 5 | ||
| 2-4 | ||
| 5-6 | ||
| 0,1-0,5 | ||
| 16. | , : | |
| , | ||
| 17. | CO2() + () ↔ 2CO() ΔH= +171 / ? | |
| 18. | H2 + Cl2 ↔ 2HCl ΔH = -91,8 / ? | |
| 19. | CuO()+H2()↔Cu()+H2O() ? | |
| ⠠ | ||
| 20. | ||
6. ( ):
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| 1. | L- :
, (Δ0-) , , ΔH0.(CO2 ) = -393,8 /,
Δ0.[372N ] = -563 /, Δ0.(2O ) = - 286 /.
|
| 2. | , (I), , NO, N2O3 : ) 2N2O + O2 → 4NO, ) N2O + O2 → N2O3, ΔGº (N2) = 104,1 /, ΔGº (2) = 0 /, ΔGº (NO) = 86,6 /, ΔGº (N2O3) = 140,5 /. |
| 3. | 2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3, 3 ? |
| 4. | 200 16 . . |
| 5. | : ) 2O + O2 = 2O2, ΔH = -566 \ ) N2 + O2 = 2NO, ΔH = 180 \ , ? |
| 6. | : ) 22 + 2 = 22, ΔH = -483,6 \ ) 3 () = () + 2 (), ΔH = 179 \ , ? |
| 7. | , O2 () + () = 2O () |
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