Лекарственные средства, производные имидазола

   

    К производным имидазола относятся такие ЛС, как пилокарпина гидрохлорид, дибазол, клофелин, метронидазол, клофелин и др.

 

Пилокарпина гидрохлорид

Pilocarpini hydrochloridum

Pilocarpine hydrochloride *

 

                       *       *

                С₂ H ₅               CH ₂           N – CH ₃         

                                                                                      • НС1

                                                       

                                                        

	O

 

             лактонное кольцо    имидазоловый цикл

                  

Свойства

 

 

Подлинность

1.

2.

3.

4.

R₃N • HCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl ↓ + R₃N • HNO₃

5.

 

6.

 

С ₂ H₅                   CH₂                 N – CH₃              N≡N

                                                                                                            NaOH

                                                                  +                                Cl →

                                                       

 

                                                                                  SO₃Na

С ₂ H₅                   CH₂               N – CH₃

                                                                          

®                                                

                                                               N=N                SO₃Na

7.

 

 

8.

 

 

Количественное определение

По ГФ

Метод                                                 

С ₂ H₅                CH₂       N – CH₃                    CH₃ – C = O

                                                • НС 1                            \

                                                            + HClO₄           O     →

                                                                                            /  

                                                                               CH₃ – C = O

 

          моль                                           экв.  

    С ₂ H₅              CH₂          N – CH₃        

                                                                    С 1O₄ + CH₃ – C = O +  CH₃ СООН

                                                                                                   |               

N

O

→                                                                                            Cl

                                                                               

                                       |

                                          f_экв. =                      M_1/z =  

Экспресс - анализ

1. Метод                                            , вариант  

Метод основан на

Методика:

 

 

R₃N • HCl + NaOH → NaCl + R₃N + H₂O

  моль            экв.

f_экв. =            M_1/z =  

 

2. Метод  

Метод основан на

Методика:

 

R₃N • HCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl↓ + R₃N •HNO₃

моль           экв.                              

 

f_экв. =             M_1/z =  

Применение

 

Хранение

     

        

 

 

Дибазол

Dibazolum

Bendazole Hydrochloride *

 

                                          N

                                                    CH₂                     • HCl

                                               

                                          N

                                          |

                                         H

2-бензилбензимидазола гидрохлорид

Свойства

 

 

Подлинность

1.

2.

3.

 

 

                 N                                  HCl                          N

                          CH₂–C₆H₅+ I₂ +KI →                            CH₂-C₆H₅ • I₂• HI↓

                                               

                N                                                               N

                 |                                                                 |

                 H                                                               H

4.

 

R₃N • HCl + NН₄OH → NН₄Cl + R₃N↓ + H₂O

       NН₄Cl + AgNO₃ → AgCl↓ + NН₄NO₃

 

5.

Количественное определение

По ГФ

Метод                                                                   

                                                                   CH₃ – C = O

      N                                                                        \

                           CH₂ – C₆H₅ • HCl + HClO₄ +            O        →

                                                                                                /

                  N – H                                                  CH₃ – C = O

    моль                                                         экв.

                        +

                       N – H             

→                          CH₂–C₆H₅ ClO₄^- + CH₃ – C = O + CH₃ – C = O

                                                                    |                      |

                       N – H                                                             Cl                   OH

 

f_экв. =             M_1/z =  

Экспресс-анализ

1. Метод                                             , вариант  

Метод основан на

Методика:

 

 

R₃N • HCl + NaOH → NaCl + R₃N + H₂O

  моль            экв.                       

f_экв. =             M_1/z =  

2. Метод  

Метод основан на

Методика:

 

R₃N • HCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl↓ + R₃N •HNO₃

  моль           экв.

f_экв. =             M_1/z =  

Применение

 

Хранение

 

Лекарственные средства, производные пиридина и пиперидина.

 

Классификация лекарственных препаратов.

Производные никотиновой кислоты

 (пиридин-3-карбоновой кислоты)

 

 

· никотиновая кислота

· никотинамид

· диэтиламид никотиновой кислоты

· и т.д.

2. Производные изоникотиновой кислоты

COOH |

(пиридин-4-карбоновой кислоты)

 

 

· изониазид

· фтивазид

3. Производные пиридинметанола

 

 

                                                  

 

· оксиметилпиридиновые витамины

· пиридоксина гидрохлорид

 

 

Никотиновая кислота

Acidum nicotinicum

Nicotinic Acid *

                                            COOH

                               N

(Витамин РР)

пиридин-3-карбоновая кислота

Свойства

 

Подлинность

1.

                        

                   COOH Na₂CO₃       

                                     →                  ↑ + CO ₂ ↑

      

      N                                        N

2.

 

 

                        

                   COOH                                  COO^-

2                 + CuSO₄ →                               Cu²⁺↓    + H₂SO₄

      

      N                                       N                 2

3.

                        

               COOH                                         COO^-

2              + CuSO₄ + NH₄SCN →                            Cu(SCN)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄

      

      N                                             N                     2

4.

 

Количественное определение

1. Метод                                                     , способ

Метод основан на

Методика:

 

                        

                   COOH                                  COONa

                    + NaOH →                             + H₂O

      

      N                                       N

           моль              экв

 

f_экв =                            M_1/z=

 

Применение

 

 

Форма выпуска:

 

Побочное действие:

 

Хранение

 

Список

Оксиметилпиридиновые витамины

Пиродоксина гидрохлорид

Pyridoxini hydrochloridum

Vitaminum B6

Pirodoxine Hydrochloride*

                                           CH₂ – OH

                                            |

                                 HO –         – CH₂ – OH

                                                                            • HCl

                                    /

                                  H₃C  N

2-метил-3-окси-4,5- ди-(оксиметил)-пиридина гидрохлорид

 

Свойства

 

.

 

Подлинность

 

1.

2.

3.

 

4.

 

 

5.

        CH₂OH                                                              CH₂OH

           |                                          Cl                  |

HO –         – CH₂OH                                   HO –          – CH₂OH

                           + С l – N =             =O →                                                + HCl

   /                                                                     /         \

H₃C  N                                         Cl    H₃C  N N =         =O

 

6.                                                                  (BiI₃ в KI) -

 

7.                                                                (SiO₂•12WO₃•2H₂0 - реактив Бертрана) -

8.                                                          (H₃PO₄•12WO₃•2H₂O - реактив Шейблера) –

9.

R₃N • HCI + AgNO₃ → AgCI ↓ + R₃N • HNO₃

 

Количественное определение

1. Метод                                                                                                          (ГФ)

                               

        CH₂OH                                                                    CH₂OH

           |                              CH₃ – C = O                 |

HO –         – CH₂OH                     \           HO –          – CH₂OH

                      • HCl + HClO₄ +   O →                                         ClO₄^-+ CH₃ – C = O + CH₃ – C = O

   /                                                   /                 / +                                            |                      |

 H₃C N                             CH₃ – C = O   H₃C  N                                           Cl                   OH

          моль                   экв.                              |

                                                                                  H

f_экв =     M_1/z=                                                       

Экспресс-анализ

1. Метод                                             , вариант  

Метод основан на

Методика:

 

R₃N • HCl + NaOH → NaCl + R₃N + H₂O

1 моль          1 экв.

 

f_экв. = 1      M_1/z = Mm

 

2. Метод

Метод основан на

Методика:

 

R₃N • HCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl↓ + R₃N •HNO₃

  моль           экв.   

                          

f_экв. =             M_1/z =  

Применение

 

Форма выпуска:

 

Хранение