2- .
.. (1850): .
: , , .
, = nst = nst, (- ), , V=nst = nst ΔF (- ).
2- : , , . :
ΔG0.. = ∑ΔG0 (. ) ∑ΔG0 (. .)
ΔG0 = Δ0 ΔS0,
ΔS0.. = ∑ΔS0(.) ∑ΔS0(.)
ΔG0. = Δ0 ΔS0.
.
. . , , , .. : , ; , .
. . ( ), ( ), , , ..
, =const (- ) - ( ) G = TS
ΔG = Δ T Δ S
ΔG = 0 ;
ΔG < 0 ; ΔG > 0 .
ΔG Δ TΔS. :
Δ = 0 | T Δ S > 0 | ΔG = T Δ S | ΔG < 0 |
Δ < 0 | T Δ S = 0 | ΔG = Δ | ΔG < 0 |
Δ < 0 | T Δ S > 0 | ΔG = Δ T Δ S | ΔG < 0 |
Δ > 0 | T Δ S < 0 | ΔG = Δ + T Δ S | ΔG > 0 |
Δ < 0 | T Δ S < 0 | ΔG = Δ T Δ S | ΔG < 0, ΔG > 0, ΔG = 0 |
Δ > 0 | T Δ S > 0 | ΔG = Δ T Δ S | ΔG < 0, ΔG > 0, ΔG = 0 |
|
|
T,V = const, -
( ) F = U TS ΔF = ΔU TΔS.
:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
1. , . .
2. , . . , .
3. -, .
4. . . / / . .
5. . .
1. - : l23() + 32() = 2l()3()
:
Δ0, / ΔS0, /( )
l23() = 1676, 8 50,95
l()3() = 1277,0 82,9
2() = 286,02 70,0
: 1- Δ0..:
Δ0.. = 2Δ0(l()3()) - Δ0(l23()) - 3Δ0(2()) = 19,14 /.
ΔS0.. = 2ΔS0(l()3()) - ΔS0(l23()) - 3ΔS0(2()) = 95,15 /( ) = - 0,09515 /.
ΔG0 = Δ0 TΔS0 = 19,14 298 (0,09515) = 9,215 /.
: ΔG0 = 1706,93 /, .. .