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02. - ,
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2) 780
3) 780
4) 10
05. , 5%-
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06. :
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07. ______________.
08. ________________.
09. , , ________________.
10. _____________________.
11. , , ___________________.
12. , ______________________.
13. 5 % ________________.
14. , , ____________.
15. 00 6126 56995,24 . 1 3 ?
16. , 68,4 122211 2 3 270.
17. () , 2,16 (NH2)2CO 1 3 , 91810 ?
18. , , , (III) 0,01 -3, 27 0.
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1. . / . . , . . .
: , 2010 . . 269 285.
2. . . : . . / .. , .. , .. .; . .. , .. . .: . ., 2008. .32-38.
1.7. PH
( ) , , ( ) , .
p = lg[H+]
1909 Ѹ. pH, potentia hydrogeni , pondus hydrogenii .
pH , pOH, OH:
= lg[OH]
25C ([H+]) - ([OH-]) 10-7/, w, :
w = [H+] [OH] =1014 [2/2] ( 25C)
+ = 14
, , . , - , , -, . [H+] > [OH] , , [OH] > [H+] .
pH .
1) , pH- , - .
- -, pH . , , () . - , . , 1-2 (. 1, 2).
pH , . , , . pH .
2) - . () . . , , , . , , .
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, pH . pH , pH .
pH - (. 2).
, . - , - . pH .
3) pH- pH ( 0,01 pH), , , pH .
- (pH) , , , , . . .
- pH , .
, , -, -, -, , - .
pH- , , ( ), .
2.
| () | |
| 7,0 7,8 | |
| 1,6 1,8 | |
| 7,35 7,45 | |
| 7,5 | |
| 4,8 7,5 | |
| 6,7 6,8 | |
| 8,3 | |
| 4,0 8,0 | |
| 6,6 6,9 | |
| 6,4 7,0 | |
| 7,2 | |
| 7,4 | |
| 6,35 6,85 | |
| 6,2 7,3 | |
| 6,6 6,9 | |
| 8,0 | |
| 8,0 | |
| 2,6 4,4 | |
| 4,3 | |
| 5,0 | |
| 5,5 |
1. , .
2. .
3. pH.
4. .
1. (l) = 0,001 -3.
: :
(HCl) = 0,001 -3 HCl H+ + Cl-, .. = 1,
[H+] = [HCl] = 10-3 -3
-? pH = -lg [H+]
pH = -lg10-3 = 3
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: pH = 3.
2. pH C(KOH) = 1,510-2 -3.
: :
(KOH) = 1,510-2 -3 KOH K+ + OH-, .. = 1,
[OH-] = [KOH] = 1,510-2 -3
-? pOH = lg[OH-]
pOH = lg1,510-2 = 1,82
pH + pOH = 14 pH = 14 pOH
pH = 14 1,82 = 12,18.
: pH = 12,18.
3. pH 1,65. [H+] [OH-] .
: :
pH = 1,65 pH = lg [H+]
lg [H+] = pH [H+] = 10pH
[H+] -? [H+] = 101,65 = 0,0224 3 = 2,24102 3
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[OH-] -? [H+] [OH-] = 1014
: [H+] = 2,24102 ˑ3; [OH] = 4,461013 ˑ3.
