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| 1. | ү | үң | Mechanisms | of | nervous |
| 頠 - 蠠 , , , , | қғқ ққ, , , қ үң , ү үң қ қң ғ ү | system protection: dura mater, leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid mater) astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, microglial cells, blood brain barier, antisystems, high degree of reliability of nerve structures functioning | |
| 2. | ࠠ ⠠ - , , 頠 , | ұң ң ұ, ү ұ, қ ң, ң ұ | Pathogenesis of neuron damage: damage to membranes and enzyme systems, disorders of energy supply, ionic imbalance, disorders of cell regulation |
| 3. | - , ⠠ , . - 堠 . | ұң ұқүң, 𠠠 әң қ, ү堠 қң . ң ұ әң ұ | Pathogenesis of Axon damage: destruction of microtubules and neurofilaments and contractile proteins, ATP deficiency, axon degeneration (demyelination of nerve fibers). Consequences: neuron dystrophy as well as tissues dystrophy |
| 4. | - -䠠 | ғ ө ң ғ өң қ ғ | Deficiency of inhibition, disinhibition syndrome: is impairment of inhibition control by overlying areas of CNS to underlying structers |
| 5. | 젠 - , 젠 | әң ұ ө ә ұ ү құң ү қ, ұ ғ қ ү . | Trophic disorders: termination of neural stimulation due to neuromediator secretion and function disorders. Damage to the trophy contour results in dystrophic processes. |
| 6. | - 頠 , 蠠 堠 | ү, ң ү қ ә ө әү ғ | Trophogens - are trophy factors, neuropeptides (endorphin, enkephalin), mediators, growth nerves factors, other growth |
| factors.They enter tissues along axons and provide cell survival. | |||
| 7. | - , | 𠠠 - қғ ү, ү құࠠ ұқ ө | Pathotrophogens are substances which are produced by damaged neurons and impair the function of the innervatedstructures. |
| 8. | , ( ) | ғ ү ң (ң ) | Syndrome of deafferentation is deprivation of afferent impulsation, propagated to neurons. It is denervation of neuron. |
| 9. | , 頠 , ⠠ 젠 | қ , ғ ү ү ө | Syndrome of denervation is the complex of changes in postsynaptic neurons, organs and tissues due to loss of nervous influences on these structures |
| 10. | - , , . - 堠 , , . | ң қ , 頠 қ ә ң . қ ғң , ң ғ, Қ . | Damage to dendrites are damaged at ischemia, brain concussion, stress, are reduced at ageing, are absent at senile dementia. Consequences: infringement of integrative function, reduction of the area of synapse contacts, formation of GPAE |
| 11. | , , 頠 | Қ ү қ ғ қ, ққ ө қ ә | Generator of pathologically amplified excitation - is a group of hyperactive neurons producing intensive, uncontrolled stream of impulses. |
| 12. | - , 堠 | ү қғ ә қғ ү қ ә ү қ ә ң ң | Pathological system is the new organization that might involve the damaged and undamaged structures of CNS and have non-adaptable and direct pathogenic effects for |
| 堠 | құ.
| the organism | ||||||||
| 13. | , | ң құ, қ қ . | ә ө ғ | Pain is an unpleasant sensation localized to a part of the body due to pathogenic factors and followed by significant changes in the body | ||||||
| 14. | - | ү қ ә ө ү. | Nociceptive system of transmission signal | system is perception of the | the and pain | |||||
| 15. | ࠠ , | ү - ү құ қ қ, ә ү. | Antinociceptive system - is the system controlling the activities of pain system, prevents and liquidates pathological pain | |||||||
.:
1. : . / .. .. .. - .: -, 2013 2, .-528-593
2. .. : : .: -, 2008. . 456-470
3. .. 2010, 581-659-
4. V.Kumar, A. Abbas, J. C. Aster. Pathologic basis of disease/Elsevier.- 2015.- Ch.24
5. // . .. : . .., 2006. .241-254.
6. : : . . ... : ʳ, 2004. . 131-135.
7. .. ., .. . .-.: -, 2008. .32-51
8. . . , . .. .- : 2011 761-767, 771-775, 788-789, 795-796, 829-830, 849, 873.
6.1.7. ( )
./ .. .. . -, 2007. -. 447-465
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| - 堠 | қғң қ | Paralysis is complete loss of movements |
| 砠 - , , | қғң ү, ғ, ң ө | Paresis is decreased amplitude, speed, strength of voluntary movements |
| - | - қғ - | Ataxia is disturbances of |
| ңң ұ | movement coordination | |
| - ( ) | қ қң | Monoplegia is paralysis of one extremity (leg or hand) |
| - | қң қң | Paraplegia is paralysis of two hands or two legs |
| - | - ң ң өң | Hemiplegia is paralysis of a half of the body (right or left) |
| қ қң | Tetraplegia is paralysis of two hands and two legs | |
| - , , , , , , | қ, ә堠 қ ққ, құ ә䳻, , қғ | Athetosis - is slow, distal, writhing, involuntary movements with a propensity to affect the arms and hands. |
| - , , (, ). | әү (қ- қ, ә ) ұқ ң , , | Chorea - is rapid, semipurposeful, graceful, dancelike, nonpatterned involuntary movements involving distal or proximal muscle groups |
| - 堠 , | () ұқң ұқ ң әү қ ә | Tics is brief, repeated, stereotyped muscle contractions that are often suppressible |
| - | ij ң ң өң қ | Tremor - is rhythmic oscillation of a body part due to intermittent muscle contractions. (cerebellum and inferior olives have been implicated as possible sites of a "tremor pacemaker") |
| ( ) | , ғқ ( ә ) ө ң қғ. | Nystagmus - involuntary rhythmic two-phase (with a fast and slow phases) movement of the eyeballs |
| - - | - қ қ қ ү қ ү | BBB - the blood-brain barrier physiological barrier between the circulatory system and the |
| . . . | ү ғ қ қ. -қ қ . - ң қ ң қ. | central nervous system. BBB has all vertebrates. The main function of the BBB - maintaining homeostasis of the brain. |
| . | ң үқ қғң қ | Meningitis - usually involve inflammation of the pia mater. |
| ұқ ұ | Neuroinfections This is the | |
| 堠 | , , | common name of infectious |
| , | ңқұқ | diseases that are caused by |
| , | қ | bacteria, viruses, fungi or |
| , 蠠 | ә ұқ | protozoa and are characterized |
| 蠠 | қғң | by a predominant localization |
| 젠 Ɩ | of the pathogen infection in the | |
| CNS | ||
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6.1.6.:
1. : . / .. .. .. - .: -, 2013 2, .-528-593
2. .. : : .: -, 2008. . 456-470
3. .. 2010, 596-625-
4. V.Kumar, A. Abbas, J. C. Aster. Pathologic basis of disease/Elsevier. - 2015.- Ch.24
5. // . .. : . .., 2006. .241-254.
6. : : . . ... : ʳ, 2004. . 131-135.
7. . . , . .. .- : 2011 761-767, 771-775, 788-789, 795-796, 829-830, 849,
6.2.7.
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