4 :
1. . .
. . .
2. , .
. . .
3. - 3- .
. . .
by, , - :
I was shown a new dictionary. .
4. .
by, :.
I was shown a new dictionary by my brother. -
, :
| I was invited to the concert. | 1. . 2. . |
| The goods were examined yesterday. | 1. . 2. . 3. () |
Present Simple Passive Present Perfect Passive :
| The steamer is unloaded. The steamer has been unloaded |
I. .
1. Once food has been harvested it starts to deteriorate until it becomes unfit for consumption.
2. Food spoilage is caused by natural decay and micro-organisms.
3. Foods that spoil rapidly are known as perishable foods.
4. Micro-organisms which cause food poisoning are called pathogenic.
5. Different species of bacteria can be classified according to their shape.
6. Moulds are tiny types, which are just visible to the naked eye.
7. Radium was discovered by the Curies in 1898.
8. No electric charges have been observed of smaller magnitude than the charges of proton or electron.
9. The meat is being fried.
10. Harmful micro-organisms will be destroyed by prolonged heating.
II. .
1. - , , , .
2. , , , , .
3. 60.
4. .
5. , .
.
1. If some foods, e.g. apples are cut, the damaged surface will turn brown.
2. Bacteria can be founded in many places, including air, water, soil, food.
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3. Some bacteria are destroyed at around 60.
4. The question of further development of agriculture was given much attention.
5. If eggs are stored under room temperature, carbon dioxide and water are vaporized through the pores in the shell.
I. , .
anorexia ["xnq'reksiq], bulimia [bjH'limiq], patient ['peiSqmt], serious ['siqriqs], alternated [Ll'tWnqtid], potassium [pq'txsiqm], chlorine ['klLrJn], dental problems, leader lead (led led)
II. , , .
to relate () relations, relatives; can, to be able to () unable, inability; to be sick () to make sick; private ['praivit] (, ) in private; to treat () - treatment
III. .
TEXT C. EATING DISORDERS
Eating disorders have been widely researched since the beginning of the 1980s. Most attention was paid to anorexia and bulimia. These disorders have a lot in common, and a person may show symptoms of both.
Causes of eating disorders
There is no single cause of eating disorders. Many factors may lead to them, including:
emotional shock or grief
unhappy relations within the family
unhappiness about body size and shape
Anorexia
This disorder affects mainly teenage girls and young women, and seldom boys and young men. Some patients with anorexia starve themselves to death.
A person with anorexia refuses to eat enough, he believes and sees his body to be much bigger than it really is, has a great fear of becoming fat, has serious heart problems and constipation. In females it leads to infertility (being unable to have children).
Patients with anorexia control their weight in one of two ways:
1. Eating very little, often no more then 200-300 kcal.
2. Eating food in various amount and then getting it out of their body, either by making themselves vomit (being sick) or by taking laxatives. The food leaves the body before it has been digested properly, and so does not give the body energy or nutrition.
Patients are often very fussy about food, but talk a lot about it and like to cook for other people. They often exercise very hard to burn off any energy they have taken from food.
Bulimia
Patients with bulimia are prone to eat very large amounts of food, and then often make themselves sick or take laxatives to prevent putting on weight. It may happen several times a week and be alternated with periods of eating almost nothing.
These patients often eat in private, hiding their problems from other people. They may suffer kidney problems, muscle weakness, constipation, and headaches through losing potassium and chlorine when they vomit. They also have severe dental problems caused by acid from the stomach when they vomit.
Treatment for eating disorders is usually long, and it is often not possible to say whether a patient has been cured.
| pay attention | |
| lead-led-led | , |
| grief | |
| seldom | |
| starve / starvation | / |
| refuse | () |
| fear | |
| constipation | |
| infertility | |
| vomit | |
| laxative ['lxksqtiv] | |
| leave-left-left | |
| be fussy about ['fAsi] | |
| burn-burnt-burnt | |
| be prone to | |
| amount | |
| put on weight/ lose weight | / |
| hide-hid-hidden | |
| suffer | |
| kidney | |
| headache | |
| severe [si'viq] | , |
| stomach ['stAmqk] | |
| treat, cure |
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IV. .
Obesity is a main health disorder and affects many people. Make a study of the help that is available in the media (TV, radio. magazines, etc) for people who are trying to reduce their weight. Investigate foods and drinks that are sold to encourage people to slim. Criticize (constructively) such products, and suggest how they could be improved or what alternatives could be used by people trying to lose weight.
