1. Ag2S 298,15 6,90×10-50. :
) Ag2S (/, /);
) Ag2S 0,1 AgNO3;
) Ag2S 0,1 Na2S;
) 1 Ag2S;
) DG0 Ag2S().
:
) Ag2S /.
: [S2] = , [Ag+] = 2P. :
= [Ag+]2 [S2] = (2P)2P = 4P3 = 6,90×1050
: = 2,58×1017 /. / Ag2S, 6,40×1015 /.
) Ag2S , 0,1 /. Ag2S P1 /. : [S2] = P1; [Ag+] = 2P1 + 0,1.
P:
(2P1+0,1)2P1 0,01 P1 = 6,90×10-50.
Ag2S 0,1 AgNO3:
P1 = 6,90×1048 /.
) Ag2S , , 0,1 /. Ag2S 2 /; : [S2]=P2 +0,1; [Ag+] = 2P2.
:
= (2P2)2 (P2+0,1) 0,4 P22 = 6,90×1050.
Ag2S 0,1 Na2S:
2 = 4,15×1025 /.
, Ag2S , AgNO3.
) ) Ag2S /, 6,40×1015. , 1 Ag2S:
6,40×1015 1
1 ; = 1,56×1014 .
) , DG0 Ag2S :
DG0 = RTln = 8,31×298,15ln 6,90×1050 = 280,5 .
2. F2 298,15 .
. CaF2 DG0 :
DG0 = DG02+(-, .) + 2DG0F (-, .) DG0F2() =
= 552,8 + 2(277,7) (1168,5) = 60,3 .
DG0 = RTln = 8,31×298,15 ln
CaF2 , 2 :
|
|
[Ca2+] = P; [F] = 2P; = [Ca2+] [F] = P(2P)2 = 4P3 = 2,69×1011.
:
3. 0,1 BaSO4 500 . , , . BaSO4 = 1,95×1010.
. :
BaSO4 = [Ba2+][SO42] = P×P = P2,
BaSO4 .
:
/
1,39×105 / × 233,4 / = 3,26×103 /
, 500 1,63×103 BaSO4.
.
4. 1 0,01 Pb(NO3)2 0,1 I. bI2, PbJ2 = ,56×109. 4 .
. b2+ I
. :
[Pb2+] = 0,01; [I] = 0,1 /.
:
/;
/.
= [Pb2+][I]2 = (0,0025)×(0,075)2=1,41×105.
, >, .
5. 298,15 CdS 1,19×1015. , , 1 /.
. 1 (1 ) 1000×1,19×1015 = = 1,19×1012 CdS, 1,19×1012: MCdS = 8,26×1015 .
CdS:
: [Cd2+] = [S2] = = 8,26×1015 /. :
= [Cd2+][S2] = (8,26×1015)2 = 6,82×1029.