1.1.
: .
: π | , V | , | -, | . , R | |
3 | /3 | 8,31 /∙ | |||
/ | 0,082 ∙/∙ |
: = /2; = ∙; 1 = 101,3 = 101300 = 760 ..
() 273, .. = 273 : () = (t + 273)
. , . (/2), 3, /3, R, 8,31 /∙. , , / R 0,082 ∙/∙. .., R = 82,4 ∙ ../∙.
1.2.
. .
- ( - pV = n RT): :
π. = CRT (1)
π , , ;
R ;
.
.. = n/V, n - , V , : π. = (2)
- . , . ( ), . , , , - i.
i -. , , , .
|
|
i :
i = 1 + α(n 1) (3)
α , . , α 1 (, HCl, NaOH, KOH α 1);
n , .
: NaOH → Na+ + OH- n = 2
Na2SO4 → 2Na+ + SO42- n = 3
Fe2(SO4)3 → 2Fe3+ + 3SO42- n = 5.
, :
π. = iCRT (4)
-, :
, (5)
/3;
;
.
. , , . , , , , .
() -:
π = dRT, (6)
Cd .
1.3. .
, , , . , , (π = 7,4 ). , - ( ), - ( ). , , , . , .
() (), , .
- , .. . .
. . (/) .
7,63 . , NaCl, . .
|
|
π- = π =7,63 = 37 = 310 R = 0,082 ∙/∙ -? ω -? | .. -: π = CRT; π- = π |
1 :
m = 0,3×180×1 = 54
ρ- = 1,08 /; m- = 1,08×1000 = 1080 ;
; :
= 0,3 /; 5 % - . π- = π.
π- NaCl = π = 7,63 = 37 = 310 R = 0,082 ∙/∙ -? ω -? | . - : π = iCRT; . , 頠 |
. NaCl → Na+ + Cl- - ,
n = 2. .. NaCl , α = 1:
i = 1 + α(n 1); i = 1 + 1(2-1) = 2.
:
NaCl 1 :
mNaCl = 0,15×58,5×1 = 8,77
ρ- NaCl = 1,01 /; m- NaCl = 1,01×1000 = 1010 ;
; :
NaCl - = 0,15 /; 0,9 % - NaCl . π- NaCl = π.