- | φ0/, |
2+/2 | -0,42 |
+/++ | -0,32 |
+/++ | -0,32 |
- (-) | -0,30 |
-/2- | -0,05 |
/ | +0,03 |
/ | +0,04 |
. b F3+/. b Fe2+ | +0,07 |
. c1 F3+/. c1 Fe2+ | +0,23 |
. F3+/. F2+ | +0,25 |
. F3+/. F2+ | +0,29 |
. a3 F3+/. 3 F2+ | +0,55 |
½ O2 + 2++2/20 | +0,82 |
8.
200, /
S | S | ||
AgSCN | 1,1.10-12 | Cu2S | 2,5.10-48 |
AgBr | 5,3.10-13 | CuCrO4 | 3,6.10-6 |
AgVO3 | 5,0.10-7 | FeC2O4 | 2,0.10-7 |
Ag2WO4 | 5,5.10-12 | FeCO3 | 3,5.10-11 |
Ag2MoO4 | 2,8.10-12 | FePO4 | 1,3.10-22 |
Ag2CO3 | 1,2.10-12 | Fe(OH)2 | 1,0.10-15 |
Ag2C2O4 | 3,5.10-11 | Fe(OH)3 | 3,2.10-38 |
Ag3PO4 | 1,3.10-20 | FeS | 5,0.10-18 |
AgI | 8,3.10-17 | FeS2 | 6,3.10-31 |
Ag2SO4 | 1,6.10-5 | Hg2Cl2 | 1,3.10-18 |
Ag2S | 6,3.10-50 | HgS . | 4,0.10-53 |
AgCl | 1,8.10-10 | HgS . | 1,6.10-52 |
Ag2CrO4 | 1,1.10-12 | K2NaCo(NO2)6 | 2,2.10-11 |
As2S3 | 2,0.10-23 | K3Co(NO2)6 | 4,3.10-10 |
Al(OH)3 | 1,0.10-32 | Mg(OH)2 | 6,0.10-10 |
AlPO4 | 5,75.10-19 | MgNH4PO4 | 2,5.10-13 |
BaF2 | 1,1.10-6 | MgCO3 | 8,8.10-5 |
BaSO4 | 1,1.10-10 | Mg3(PO4)2 | 1,0.10-13 |
BaCO3 | 5,1.10-9 | MgNH4PO4 | 2,5.10-13 |
BaC2O4 | 1,1.10-7 | MnCO3 | 2,0.10-11 |
Ba3(PO4)2 | 6,0.10-39 | MnS . | 2,5.10-13 |
BaCrO4 | 1,2.10-10 | MnS . | 2,5.10-10 |
BaMoO4 | 4,0.10-8 | Mn(OH)2 | 1,9.10-13 |
Be(OH)2 | 6,3.10-22 | MnC2O4 | 5,0.10-6 |
Bi2S3 | 1,0.10-97 | MnNH4PO4 | 1,0.10-12 |
BiOCl | 7,0.10-9 | Ni(C4H7O2N2)2 | 2,3.10-25 |
CaF2 | 4,0.10-11 | Ni(OH)2 | 2,0.10-15 |
CaCO3 | 4,8.10-9 | NiCO3 | 1,7.10-7 |
CaC2O4 | 2,6.10-9 | NiS | 1,0.10-24 |
CaSO4 | 9,1.10-6 | NiC2O4 | 4,0.10-10 |
Ca3(PO4)2 | 2,0.10-29 | PbS | 2,5.10-27 |
Ca(OH)2 | 5,5.10-6 | PbSO4 | 1,6.10-8 |
CaCrO4 | 7,1.10-4 | PbI2 | 1,1.10-9 |
CaWO4 | 9,0.10-9 | PbCrO4 | 1,8.10-14 |
CdCO3 | 1,0.10-12 | PbS2O3 | 4,0.10-7 |
CdS | 7,93.10-27 | PbCO3 | 7,5.10-14 |
Cd(OH)2 | 2,2.10-14 | PbCl2 | 1,6.10-5 |
CoCO3 | 1,0.10-10 | Pb(OH)2 | 5,0.10-16 |
Co(OH)2 | 6,3.10-15 | Sb2S3 | 1,0.10-30 |
Co(OH)3 | 4,0.10-45 | Sb2O3 (Sb3+, 3 OH-) | 4,0.10-42 |
9.
. | . | ||||
Al3+ | OH- | K1-4=1,0.10-33 | Fe3+ | C2O42- | K1-3=6,3.10-21 |
Be2+ | OH- | K1-4=1.10-15 | Mn3+ | C2O42- | K1-3=3,9.10-20 |
Cd2+ | OH- | K1-4=3,8.10-9 | Co2+ | - | K1-2=3,8.10-12 |
Co2+ | OH- | K1-3=3,0.10-20 | Ni2+ | - | K1-2=1,8.10-12 |
Pb2+ | OH- | K1-3=1,0.10-29 | Cu2+ | - | K1-2=2,0.10-21 |
Sb3+ | OH- | K1-4=1,0.10-38 | Fe3+ | - | K1-3=5,4.10-37 |
Cr3+ | OH- | K1-4=1,0.10-30 | Ca2+ | - | K1-2=9,8.10-10 |
Zn2+ | OH- | K1-4=3,6.10-16 | Fe3+ | - | K1-2=1,4.10-12 |
Cu2+ | OH- | K1-4=6,6.10-57 | Ca2+ | - | K1=2,1.10-5 |
Ag+ | NH3 | K1-2=5,9.10-8 | Mg2+ | - | K1=1,1.10-4 |
Cd2+ | NH3 | K1-4=2,8.10-7 | Cu2+ | - | K1=1,3.10-6 |
Co2+ | NH3 | K1-4=8,5.10-6 | Hg2+ | - | K1=1,3.10-11 |
Co2+ | NH3 | K1-6=4,1.10-5 | Al3+ | 4-- | K1=3,2.10-17 |
Co3+ | NH3 | K1-6=6,2.10-36 | Ba2+ | 4-- | K1=1,7.10-8 |
Cu2+ | NH3 | K1-4=1,1.10-12 | Bi3+ | 4-- | K1=4,0.10-28 |
Hg2+ | NH3 | K1-4=5,0.10-20 | Ca2+ | 4-- | K1=2,6.10-11 |
Ni2+ | NH3 | K1-4=3,4.10-8 | Cd2+ | 4-- | K1=3,5.10-17 |
Zn2+ | NH3 | K1-4=8,3.10-12 | Co2+ | 4-- | K1=4,9.10-17 |
Bi3+ | Br- | K1-6=3,0.10-10 | Co3+ | 4-- | K1=2,5.10-41 |
Hg2+ | Br- | K1-4=1,0.10-21 | Cr3+ | 4-- | K1=4,0.10-21 |
Pt2+ | Br- | K1-4=3,2.10-21 | Cu2+ | 4-- | K1=1,6.10-19 |
Bi3+ | Cl- | K1-6=3,8.10-7 | Fe2+ | 4-- | K1=6,3.10-15 |
Pt2+ | Cl- | K1-4=1,0.10-16 | Fe3+ | 4-- | K1=5,9.10-25 |
Bi3+ | I- | K1-6=7,98.10-20 | Hg2+ | 4-- | K1=1,6.10-22 |
Hg2+ | I- | K1-4=1,5.10-30 | Mg2+ | 4-- | K1=7,6.10-10 |
Pb2+ | I- | K1-4=1,2.10-4 | Mn3+ | 4-- | K1=9,1.10-15 |
Ag+ | CN- | K1-2=1,4.10-20 | Pb2+ | 4-- | K1=9,1.10-19 |
Au+ | CN- | K1-2=5,0.10-30 | Tl+ | 4-- | K1=2,9.10-7 |
Cd2+ | CN- | K1-4=7,8.10-18 | Tl3+ | 4-- | K1=1,6.10-38 |
Co2+ | CN- | K1-6=8,1.10-20 | Zn2+ | 4-- | K1=5,5.10-17 |
Co3+ | CN- | K1-6=1,0.10-64 | Mg2+ | - | K1-2=3,5.10-7 |
Cu2+ | CN- | K1-4=2,0.10-30 | Ca2+ | - | K1=4,2.10-2 |
Fe2+ | CN- | K1-6=1,3.10-37 | Mn2+ | - | K1=3,6.10-4 |
Fe3+ | CN- | K1-6=1,3.10-44 | Fe2+ | - | K1-2=1,6.10-8 |
Ni2+ | CN- | K1-4=1,0.10-31 | Co2+ | - | K1-2=5,6.10-10 |
Zn2+ | CN- | K1-4=2,4.10-20 | Ni2+ | - | K1-2=2,7.10-11 |
Al3+ | F- | K1-6=2,1.10-21 | Cu2+ | - | K1-2=2,6.10-16 |
Fe3+ | F- | K1-6=7,9.10-17 | Zn2+ | - | K1-2=1,1.10-10 |
Ag+ | SCN- | K1-2=5,9.10-9 | Mn2+ | - | K1=7,9.10-5 |
Bi3+ | SCN- | K1-6=5,9.10-5 | Fe2+ | - | K1-2=1,7.10-12 |
Co2+ | SCN- | K1-3=1,6.10-2 | Co2+ | - | K1-2=1,3.10-17 |
Cu2+ | SCN- | K1-3=3,0.10-7 | Ni2+ | - | K1-2=5,0.10-20 |
Fe3+ | SCN- | K1-6=5,9.10-4 | Zn2+ | - | K1-2=2,0.10-19 |
Ag+ | NO2- | K1-2=1,5.10-3 | Mg2+ | - | K1=1,3.10-2 |
Cd2+ | NO2- | K1-3=1,5.10-4 | Ca2+ | - | K1=8,9.10-3 |
Al3+ | C2O42- | K1-3=5,0.10-17 | Fe2+ | - | K1=2,5.10-5 |
Cr3+ | C2O42- | K1-3=3,6.10-16 | Cu2+ | - | K1-2=4,0.10-15 |
10.
|
|
200, /
: / | K | : / | K |
Ag+ . H2O/AgOH | 1,02 . 10−12 | HPO42−/PO43− | 4,57 . 10−13 |
Al3+. H2O/AlOH2+ | 9,55 . 10−6 | H2PO4−/HPO42− | 6,17 . 10−8 |
B(OH)3. H2O/B4O72− | 7,85 . 10−7 | H3PO4/H2PO4− | 7,24 . 10−3 |
B(OH)3. H2O/[B(OH)4]− | 5,75 . 10−10 | H(PH2O2)/PH2O2− | 7,94 . 10−2 |
Be2+. H2O/BeOH+ | 2,00 . 10−6 | H2(PHO3)/H(PHO3)− | 1,00 . 10−2 |
CH3COOH/CH3COO− | 1,74 . 10−5 | HS−/S2− | 1,23 . 10−13 |
Cd2+. H2O/CdOH+ | 2,40 . 10−8 | H2S/HS− | 1,05 . 10−7 |
Co2+. H2O/CoOH+ | 1,26 . 10−9 | HSO3−/SO32− | 6,31 . 10−8 |
Cr3+ . H2O/CrOH2+ | 1,12 . 10−4 | HSe−/Se2− | 1,00 . 10−11 |
Cu2+ . H2O/CuOH+ | 4,57 . 10−8 | H2Se/HSe− | 1,55 . 10−4 |
Fe2+ . H2O/FeOH+ | 1,82 . 10−7 | HSeO3−/SeO32− | 4,79 . 10−9 |
Fe3+ . H2O/FeOH2+ | 6,76 . 10−3 | H2SeO3/HSeO3− | 2,45 . 10−3 |
HBrO/BrO− | 2,06 . 10−9 | H4SiO4/H3SiO4− | 1,58 . 10−10 |
HBrO3/BrO3− | 2,00 . 10−1 | HTe−/Te2− | 6,76 . 10−13 |
HCN/CN− | 4,93 . 10−10 | H2Te/HTe− | 2,29 . 10−3 |
HCO3−/CO32− | 4,68 . 10−11 | Hg2+ . H2O/HgOH+ | 2,63 . 10−4 |
H2CO3/HCO3− | 4,27 . 10−7 | Mg2+ . H2O/MgOH+ | 3,80 . 10−12 |
H2C2O4/HC2O4− | 6,46 . 10−2 | Mn2+. H2O/MnOH+ | 2,57 . 10−11 |
HCOOH/HCOO− | 1,78 . 10−4 | NH4+/NH3 . H2O | 5,75 . 10−10 |
HClO/ClO− | 2,82 . 10−8 | N2H5+/N2H4 . H2O | 5,89 . 10−9 |
HClO2/ClO2− | 1,07 . 10−2 | NH3OH+/NH2OH . H2O | 9,35 . 10−7 |
HF/F− | 6,67 . 10−4 | Ni2+ . H2O/NiOH+ | 1,20 . 10−11 |
H2F2/HF2− | 2,63 . 10−3 | Pb2+ . H2O/PbOH+ | 7,08 . 10−7 |
HIO3/IO3− | 1,69 . 10−1 | SO2 . H2O/HSO3− | 1,66 . 10−2 |
HN3/N3− | 1,90 . 10−5 | Sn2+ . H2O/SnOH+ | 7,94 . 10−3 |
HNO2/NO2− | 5,13 . 10−4 | Zn2+ . H2O/ZnOH+ | 2,04 . 10−8 |
H2O2/HO2− | 2,38 . 10−12 |
11.
|
|
, ( *)