. . 9 . 2.
-, , . , , , , , .
- . - , .
1. - :
) 1 NaOH; ) b(NO3)2 Na2S; ) NaCIO N3; ) 2 H2S4; ) NaOH.
.
) 1 + NaOH = NaCI + H2O;
) Pb(N3)2 + Na2S = PbS + 2 NaN3;
) NaCIO + HN3 = NaN3 +HC1;
) 2 + 2S04 = 2S4 + 2 + 2;
) 3 + NaOH = CH3COONa + 2.
, , (2, HC10), (PbS), (2).
() , , , . :
) Na+ l-; ) Na+ NO 
; ) Na+ NO 3; ) + SO 
; ) Na+,
- :
) H+ + 
= 2;
) Pb2+ + S 
= PbS;
) 1 + H+ = HC1;
) 
+2 H+ = C2+H2;
) + = + 2.
2. , - :
) SO +2 H+ = S02 + H2;
) Pb2+ + Cr = PbCr04;
) + = + 2;
) ZnOH+ + H+ = Zn2+ + H2O.
. - , . C, . :
) Na2S3 + 2 1 = 2 NaCl + SO2 + 2;
) Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 = PbCrO4 + 2 KNO3;
) 3 + = 23 + H2O;
) ZnOHCl + 1 = ZnCl2 + H2O.
161. - : ) N NaOH;
) K2SiO3 1; ) BaCl2 Na2SO4.
162. - : a) K2S 1;
) FeS4 (NH4)2S; ) ()3 .
163. , - :
) Mg2+ + CO = MgC3; ) H+ + = H2O.
164. - 1()3; H2S4; ()2 - ? - .
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165. - : ) 3 H2S4;
) Zn(OH)2 NaOH; ) l2 AgN3.
166. - : a) CuS4 H2S;
) 3 HNO3; ) F13 .
167. , - :
) 2+ + S = CuS;
6) SiO + 2 H+ = H2SiO3.
168. - : a) Sn(OH)2 1;
) BeS4 ; ) NH4Cl ()2.
169. 3, 3, NiS04, Na2S ? - .
170. - : ) AgN3 2rO4;
) Pb(N3)2 KI; ) CdS4 Na2S.
171. , - :
) 3 + 2 + = 2+ + H2O + CO2;
) 1()3 + = 1O 
+ 2 2;
) 2+ + 2 I = PbI2
172. - : ) ()2 NaOH; ) ()2; HN3; ) ZnOHN3 HN3.
173. - : a) Na3P4 CaCl2;
) 23 l2; ) Zn(OH)2 .
174. - , - :
F()3 + H+ = Fe3+ + 2;
Cd2+ + 2 O = Cd(OH)2;
H+ + NO 
= HNO2.
175. - : a) CdS 1;
) ()3 NaOH; ) Ba(OH)2 CoCl2.
176. - , - :
) Zn2+ + H2S = ZnS + 2 H+;
) + + = H2O + 2;
) Ag+ + 1 = AgCl.
177. - : a) H2S04 ()2;
) F13 NH40H; ) CH3COONa 1.
178. - : ) F13 ;
6) NiSO4 (NH4)2S; ) MgCO3 HNO3.
179. , - :
) ()2 + 2 O = + 2 2O
) + + =
)Ba2+ + SO = BaSO4
180. NaCl, NiS04, ()2, . - .
10. .
:
2 + + 
.
:
. (1)
( .( 
) = 1,86ּ10 
), :
[H2O] = = 
/.
, . (1)
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[H+]ּ[OH ] = .ּ[H2O] = 1,86ּ10 ּ55,56 = 10 
.
, ( ) O. = 298 (250)
O = [H+]ּ[OH ] = 10 . (2)
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[H+] =ּ[OH ] = Ö 10 = 10 
/.
() , :
= - lg [H+].
= 7. [H+] > 10 , , < 7; [H+] < 10 , > 7.
.
= - lg [OH ].
(2), + = 14.
1. , = 4,60.
. = 4,60 = -lg [H+].
[H+] = 10-4,60 = 2,5.10-5 /.
2. [OH ] , = 10,80.
. + = 14
= 14 10,80 = 3,20.
lg [OH ] = 3,20. [OH ] = 10-3,20 = 6,31.10-4.
3. 0,01 .
. ,
NaOH = Na+ + OH 
.
, OH , 0,01 [OH ] = 0,01. = - lg [OH ] = -lg 0,01 = 2.
= 14 = 12.
181. , 0,5 0,05 NaOH.
: 11;40.
182. ( = 7,36) , ( = 1,00)?
: 2,3∙10 
.
183. [H+] [OH ] , 6,2.
: 6,3∙10 
/; 1,6∙10 /.
184. , 25 0,5 HCl, 10 0,5 NaOH 15 .
: 0,82.
185. 0,2 HCl, ?
: 0,3.
186. 0,5%- .
: 1,10.
187. 500 20 0,1 1. .
: 2,4.
188. 1,5%- .
: 13,43.
189. 25 10%- HCl ( 1,05) 500 . .
: 0,84.
190. 250 50 0,5 . .
: 12,9.
191. 10,0 20%- ( 1,18) 250 . .
: 13,23.
192. 250 10,0 24%- HCl ( 1,12) . 5,0 100 . .
: 1,83.
193. 25 0,2 HCl 25 0,1 NaOH. .
: 1,3.
194. 20,0 12%- NaOH ( 1,14) 500 . 50,0 1000 . .
: 11,85.
195. 100 0,1 HNO3 2 6%- NaOH ( 1,0). .
: 1,2
196. , 100 0,12 NaOH.
: 9,48.
197. 100 0,1 NaOH 5 4%- HCl ( 1,0). .
: 13; 12,6.
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198. 100 0,2 HCl 5 3%- . .
: 0,7; 0,78.
199. NaOH 400 , , 12?
200. , , 11.
, . ( , ).
1. - : ) KCN; ) Na2CO3; ) ZnSO4. .
. ) KCN HCN KOH. KCN + CN . + , . CN + , HCN. . -
CN + 2 HCN +
KCN + H2O HCN + KOH.
, KCN ( > 7).
) Na2CO3 . , +, , 23, , 23. . . -
+ 2 +
Na2CO3 + H2O NaHCO3 + NaOH.
, Na2CO3 (>7).
) ZnSO4 Zn(OH)2 H2SO4. Zn2+ , ZnOH+. Zn(OH)2 , ZnOH+ , Zn(OH)2. . . -
Zn2+ + H2O ZnOH+ + H+
2 ZnSO4 + 2H2O (ZnOH)2SO4 + H2SO4.
, ZnSO4 ( < 7).
2. 1(N3)3 23? - .
. 1(N3)3 , 23 :
Al3+ + 2 lO2+ + +;
CO +20 + .
, , H+ 20. 1()3 CO2 (2).
-
2 13+ + 3 CO + 2 = 2 1()3 + 2
2 A1(N03)3 + 23 + 2 = 2 1()3 + 2 + 6 KN03.
201. - , K2S 13. .
202. F13 : ) 1; ) ; ) ZnCl2;r) Na2CO3. (III) ? ? - .
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203. l2(SO4)3, K2S, Pb(NO3)2, KC1 ? - . (7 < < 7) ?
204. F13 N23 . - .
205. Na2CO3 : ) 1;
) NaOH; ) Cu(N3)2; ) K2S. ? ? - .
206. (7< < 7) Na2S, 1l3, NiSO4? - .
207. - b(N3)2, Na2CO3, Fe2(SO4)3.
(7 < < 7) ?
208. - 3, ZnSO4, 1(N3)3.
(7 < < 7) ?
209. (7< < 7) 3O4, K2S, CuSO4? - .
210. - CuCl2, s23, (N3)3. (7 < < 7) ?
211. RbCl, 2(SO4)3, Ni(NO3)2, Na2SO3 ? - .
(7< < 7) ?
212. Al2(SO4)3 : ) H2SO4; ) ; ) Na2SO3; ) ZnSO4. ? ? - .
213. : Na2CO3 N2SO3; F13 FeCl2? ? - .
214. 12(SO4)3 Na2CO3 . - .
215. NaBr, Na2S, 23, CoCl2 ? - . (7 < < 7).
216. : NaCN NaCIO; MgCl2 ZnCl2? ? - .
