. : , , , , , , , . , . , , , , , , , - . , , , . .[118]
, , , . - ... Sapere aude! - ! - , , .[119]
, , . , . , , , , . , , .[120] , - ߔ, , .
. , , , , , .[121] , , .
- (1709-1751) - - - , , .[122] - (1715-1771) - , , .[123] , ? , . ( ), - , .[124] , . , , , ; (1723-1789).
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- . [125] - , . , , , , .[126] : , , , .[127]
, . , , , , , ... , .[128]
, - , , , , , ... . , - .[129]
, , , : , ( , ); - , .
. , . , -. , , , , .[130]
(1694-1778) : , .[131] , , , - , , .
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, , , . , , ; - : , , . ( , , ! - . - , ![132]) , . , .., , , , .[133]
- , , ( ). , . , , - , - , .. , . , . .
, , , . (1724-1804), . - : ... ( ) , - .[134] ( , ).
, (als ob), - ( , ), (! , , , ). , , - , ( ). , - , . , , , , [135]; , - , , - , - - [136]. , , .
, , - , .[137] , ( !) . : , - . - , .[138] - , (1835-1907), , : - , - .[139]
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, ( ), , , .
.
XXI ? , , , , - , .
, , , , , .
. .. ...(1994), - , ... [140] - - , , , - . - , . , , XVII , XX - , , , .
, , , - . , , . , , - , , , . , , ( : , . , , . ?[141] , , , , , ..)
, - , - : ... - . ... , , , . , [142] ..
, , , , .
. , , . ; , - , - , , , . - , ... , , , . , .[143] , - . . , - , , , . , . : Quamdin vigebunt, lis erit! ( , ) - .[144]
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[1] . . . : .. . ., 1990, .209
[2] ... . ., 1935, .2, .296
[3] ., . . 2- ., .2, .141
[4] .. . // . ., 1955, .3, .272
[5] .. . 1. ., 1997, .98-99
[6] . . ., 1963, .2, . 23
[7] .: .. : - . // . ., 1985
[8] . : . . ., 1990, .49
[9] . . ., 1967, .3, .100-101
[10] . . ., 1958, .278
[11] ., . . 2- ., . 1, .13
[12] .. . // . . 35. ., 1986, .92-93
[13] .. , , . ., 1978, .65-66
[14] . .1, .601
[15] . . // . . ., 1986, .633
[16] . : .. . ., 1990, . 51
[17] .. .. . ., 1987, .248
[18] .: .. . ., 1979, .5
[19] ... . ., 1979, . 141
[20] . . .. ., 1994, .267
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[21] ... . ., 1979, . 142
[22] .. . ., 1990, .44
[23] . . , 1993, .517
[24] .: .. . ., 1999, . 265
[25] .. . , 1988, . 180-181
[26] . . ., 1990, .117
[27] .. . ., 1990, . 116-117
[28] , .131
[29] ( ) , , , , ... (. . ., .234)
[30] . .// . . ., 1984, .4, .111
[31] . . ., 1968, .1, .257-258
[32] .. . ., 1990, . 150
[33] ... . ., 1974, . 26-27
[34] .. . ., 1990, .193
[35] . . ., 1967, .3, . 214-215
[36] . , .207-208
[37] , . 208-209
[38] .: . . . ., 1991, .156
[39] . . ., .1, .298
[40] . . .4. ., 1989, .101
[41] . . ., . 2, . 268-271
[42] - , , .
[43] . . .2, ., 1994, .78
[44] . . ., . 2, .270-271
[45] , . 272
[46] , . 273
[47] , . 385
[48] , . 385-386
[49] , . 400
[50] , . 375
[51] , . 371-372
[52] . // . . ., 1987, . 150
[53] .. . // . . ., . 1, . 9-10
[54] . . ., . 2, . 208
[55] , . 209
[56] , . 218-219
[57] , . 230-231
[58] , . 237
[59] , . 258-259
[60] , . 268
[61] , .275
[62] , . 335
[63] .. .. . ., 1987, . 249-250
[64] . . ., . 2, .453
[65] , . 394
[66] . . . ., 1983, .270
[67] . . ., . 2, . 241-242
[68] , .244
[69] , .1, . 238
[70] , .2, .248
[71] , . 459
[72] , . 461
[73] , . 213-214
[74] , .244
[75] , . 214
[76] , . 223
[77] .. . ., 1992, . 165
[78] . . ., . 2, . 452
[79] , , . , . : (1588 -1679) , - , , , . . ; . .
[80] . . ., . 2, . 433
[81] , . 439-440
[82] , . 272
[83] , . 437
[84] , . 232
[85] , . 249
[86] , . 334
[87] , . 236
[88] , . 1, . 161
[89] .. . ., 1990, .190
[90] . . ., 1987, .103
[91] .. .. . ., 1987, . 264-265
[92] . . .4. ., 1989, . 259
[93] .. . ., 1992, .123
[94] . . ., 1967, .3, .105-106
[95] , , XIX .. ( 9).
[96] .: . . .2, ., 1994, . 531-532
[97] . : . . .4. ., 1989, . 240
[98] , .241
[99] , .205
[100] . . ., 1967, .3, . 113
[101] . . ., 1992, .2, .134 .
[102] ... . ., 1974, .90
[103] . . ., 2000, . 123
[104] .. ... , 1908, .301-302
[105] XVIII . ., 1967, .1, .203
[106] . : . . ., 1975, . 513
[107] . . .1. ., 1989, . 287
[108] .. . ., 1979, . 156
[109] .., .., .. XVIII . ., 1986, . 64
[110]
[111] . ., . 95
[112] , , , - , .
[113] . : .. . ., 1979, . 41
[114] XVIII . ., 1967, .1, . 230
[115] .. . ., 1979, . 123-124
[116] XVIII . ., 1967, .1, . 344
[117] . (1670-1733), , .
[118] .. ., . 303
[119] . . . 6. ., 1966, .27
[120] .: . ., 1994, .549
[121] .. ., . 304
[122] . . ., 1976, . 285
[123] . . .1. ., 1973, . 206
[124] .. XVIII . ., 1981, .220
[125] . . ., 1963, .2, . 43
[126] , .1, .631
[127] , .630
[128] . . , 1987, .9
[129] .. XVIII . .,1981,.269-270
[130] . . ., 1976, .481
[131] . : .., .., .. XVIII . ., 1986, . 198
[132] . . ., 1990, .2, . 35
[133] .. . . . ., 1989, . 514
[134] . . 3, . 102
[135] . . ., 1980, . 78
[136] . . . 6. ., 1966, .340
[137] .: . . ., 1980, . 155
[138] , , , , , , . ( .)
[139] . : . . .1, ., 1991, .91. : . ( . . , 1958, .5, 154)
[140] .. . . . .,1994, . 50
[141] . . ., 1990, .335
[142] . . // , 1990, 4, .160
[143] . . ., . 2, . 430
[144] . ., 1994, . 431