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. : , , , , , , , . , . , , , , , , , - . , , , . .[118]

, , , . - ... Sapere aude! - ! - , , .[119]

, , . , . , , , , . , , .[120] , - ߔ, , .

. , , , , , .[121] , , .

- (1709-1751) - - - , , .[122] - (1715-1771) - , , .[123] , ? , . ( ), - , .[124] , . , , , ; (1723-1789).

- . [125] - , . , , , , .[126] : , , , .[127]

, . , , , , , ... , .[128]

, - , , , , , ... . , - .[129]

, , , : , ( , ); - , .

. , . , -. , , , , .[130]

(1694-1778) : , .[131] , , , - , , .

, , , . , , ; - : , , . ( , , ! - . - , ![132]) , . , .., , , , .[133]

- , , ( ). , . , , - , - , .. , . , . .

, , , . (1724-1804), . - : ... ( ) , - .[134] ( , ).

, (als ob), - ( , ), (! , , , ). , , - , ( ). , - , . , , , , [135]; , - , , - , - - [136]. , , .

, , - , .[137] , ( !) . : , - . - , .[138] - , (1835-1907), , : - , - .[139]

, ( ), , , .

.

XXI ? , , , , - , .

, , , , , .

. .. ...(1994), - , ... [140] - - , , , - . - , . , , XVII , XX - , , , .

, , , - . , , . , , - , , , . , , ( : , . , , . ?[141] , , , , , ..)

, - , - : ... - . ... , , , . , [142] ..

, , , , .

. , , . ; , - , - , , , . - , ... , , , . , .[143] , - . . , - , , , . , . : Quamdin vigebunt, lis erit! ( , ) - .[144]


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[1] . . . : .. . ., 1990, .209

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[6] . . ., 1963, .2, . 23

[7] .: .. : - . // . ., 1985

[8] . : . . ., 1990, .49

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[12] .. . // . . 35. ., 1986, .92-93

[13] .. , , . ., 1978, .65-66

[14] . .1, .601

[15] . . // . . ., 1986, .633

[16] . : .. . ., 1990, . 51

[17] .. .. . ., 1987, .248

[18] .: .. . ., 1979, .5

[19] ... . ., 1979, . 141

[20] . . .. ., 1994, .267

[21] ... . ., 1979, . 142

[22] .. . ., 1990, .44

[23] . . , 1993, .517

[24] .: .. . ., 1999, . 265

[25] .. . , 1988, . 180-181

[26] . . ., 1990, .117

[27] .. . ., 1990, . 116-117

[28] , .131

[29] ( ) , , , , ... (. . ., .234)

[30] . .// . . ., 1984, .4, .111

[31] . . ., 1968, .1, .257-258

[32] .. . ., 1990, . 150

[33] ... . ., 1974, . 26-27

[34] .. . ., 1990, .193

[35] . . ., 1967, .3, . 214-215

[36] . , .207-208

[37] , . 208-209

[38] .: . . . ., 1991, .156

[39] . . ., .1, .298

[40] . . .4. ., 1989, .101

[41] . . ., . 2, . 268-271

[42] - , , .

[43] . . .2, ., 1994, .78

[44] . . ., . 2, .270-271

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[51] , . 371-372

[52] . // . . ., 1987, . 150

[53] .. . // . . ., . 1, . 9-10

[54] . . ., . 2, . 208

[55] , . 209

[56] , . 218-219

[57] , . 230-231

[58] , . 237

[59] , . 258-259

[60] , . 268

[61] , .275

[62] , . 335

[63] .. .. . ., 1987, . 249-250

[64] . . ., . 2, .453

[65] , . 394

[66] . . . ., 1983, .270

[67] . . ., . 2, . 241-242

[68] , .244

[69] , .1, . 238

[70] , .2, .248

[71] , . 459

[72] , . 461

[73] , . 213-214

[74] , .244

[75] , . 214

[76] , . 223

[77] .. . ., 1992, . 165

[78] . . ., . 2, . 452

[79] , , . , . : (1588 -1679) , - , , , . . ; . .

[80] . . ., . 2, . 433

[81] , . 439-440

[82] , . 272

[83] , . 437

[84] , . 232

[85] , . 249

[86] , . 334

[87] , . 236

[88] , . 1, . 161

[89] .. . ., 1990, .190

[90] . . ., 1987, .103

[91] .. .. . ., 1987, . 264-265

[92] . . .4. ., 1989, . 259

[93] .. . ., 1992, .123

[94] . . ., 1967, .3, .105-106

[95] , , XIX .. ( 9).

[96] .: . . .2, ., 1994, . 531-532

[97] . : . . .4. ., 1989, . 240

[98] , .241

[99] , .205

[100] . . ., 1967, .3, . 113

[101] . . ., 1992, .2, .134 .

[102] ... . ., 1974, .90

[103] . . ., 2000, . 123

[104] .. ... , 1908, .301-302

[105] XVIII . ., 1967, .1, .203

[106] . : . . ., 1975, . 513

[107] . . .1. ., 1989, . 287

[108] .. . ., 1979, . 156

[109] .., .., .. XVIII . ., 1986, . 64

[110]

[111] . ., . 95

[112] , , , - , .

[113] . : .. . ., 1979, . 41

[114] XVIII . ., 1967, .1, . 230

[115] .. . ., 1979, . 123-124

[116] XVIII . ., 1967, .1, . 344

[117] . (1670-1733), , .

[118] .. ., . 303

[119] . . . 6. ., 1966, .27

[120] .: . ., 1994, .549

[121] .. ., . 304

[122] . . ., 1976, . 285

[123] . . .1. ., 1973, . 206

[124] .. XVIII . ., 1981, .220

[125] . . ., 1963, .2, . 43

[126] , .1, .631

[127] , .630

[128] . . , 1987, .9

[129] .. XVIII . .,1981,.269-270

[130] . . ., 1976, .481

[131] . : .., .., .. XVIII . ., 1986, . 198

[132] . . ., 1990, .2, . 35

[133] .. . . . ., 1989, . 514

[134] . . 3, . 102

[135] . . ., 1980, . 78

[136] . . . 6. ., 1966, .340

[137] .: . . ., 1980, . 155

[138] , , , , , , . ( .)

[139] . : . . .1, ., 1991, .91. : . ( . . , 1958, .5, 154)

[140] .. . . . .,1994, . 50

[141] . . ., 1990, .335

[142] . . // , 1990, 4, .160

[143] . . ., . 2, . 430

[144] . ., 1994, . 431





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