. 1 I 3 (4) () (ii) [II][ II ] . ( ).
. 1 I 3 (5)(5) . .
. 1 I 3 (5) ()() . , .. . , , , .
. 1 I 3 (5) ()() . / per os.
(i) , /, 100 /, 60 /. 3001000 /. ( ), .
(ii) . .
. 1 I 3 (5) ()() . , . , 3,5 / . , .
. 1 I 3 .
. 1 I 3 (1)(1) . 5,5 /.
. 1 I 3 (2)(2) . , . . .
. 1 I 3 (2) ()()
. 1 I 3 (2) () (i)(i) . .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (ii)(ii) .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iii)(iii) , ( ).
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iv)(iv) .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (v)(v) . . , / , .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (vi)(vi) ( + ).
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. 1 I 3 (2) ()() . 5001000 , 1020 . C .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (i)(i) . 10 / . 10 / .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (ii)(ii)
. 1 I 3 (2) () (ii) [I][ I ] , . .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (ii) [II][ II ] . ( 17- 21-) .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (ii) [III][ III ] - . .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iii)(iii) . , .
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iii) [I][ I ] -
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iii) [II][ II ]
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iii) [III][ III ]
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iii) [IV][ IV ]
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iii) [V][ V ]
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iii) [VI][ VI ]
. 1 I 3 (2) () (iii) [VII][ VII ] ,
. 1 I 3 (3)(3)
. 1 I 3 (3) ()() - . , - , , , . . .
. 1 I 3 (3) ()() . . 6 / . .
. 1 I 3 (3) () (i)(i) -Q.
. 1 I 3 (3) () (ii)(ii) .
. 1 I 3 (3) () (iii)(iii) QRS.
. 1 I 3 (3) () (iv)(iv) , .
. 1 I 3 (4)(4)
. 1 I 3 (4) ()() . , in vitro .
. 1 I 3 (4) ()() . , , , (>50 /). 30 / .
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. 1 I 3 (5)(5) .
. 1 I 3 (5) ()()
. 1 I 3 (5) () (i)(i) . 12 . , .
. 1 I 3 (5) () (ii)(ii) . 25 (500 5% -) 15 1015 .
. 1 I 3 (5) () (iii)(iii) . 44 (100 4% -) .
. 1 I 3 (5) ()()
. 1 I 3 (5) () (i)(i) . , .
. 1 I 3 (5) () (ii)(ii) . (1520 / /) (0,20,6 / ) . .
. 1 I 3 (5) () (iii)(iii) . 4- 4050%. , .
. 1 I 3 (5) () (iv)(iv) . . 2 1 . . 50100 6- ( ).
. 1 I 3 (5) ()() . .
. 1 I 3 (5) () (i)(i) , I 3 (5) () (ii).
. 1 I 3 (5) () (ii)(ii) . .
. 1 I 3 (5) () (iii)(iii) .
. 1 I . -
. 1 I 1 1.
. 1 I 1 . , , , , .
. 1 I 1 . , , .
. 1 I 2 2.
. 1 I 2 . . , ( ).
. 1 I 2 . .
. 1 I 2 . .
. 1 I 2 . .
. 1 I 2 . ( ).
. 1 I 3 3.
. 1 I 3 . Ht.
. 1 I 3 . Na+, K+, HCO3, Cl .
. 1 I 3 . () .
. 1 I 3 . .
. 1 I 3 . ( )
. 1 I 3 (1)(1) ( 285295 /) :
( 4 d:\books\surgery\formuls.cdr)
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. 1 I 3 (2)(2) Na+ .
. 1 I 4 4. . (), .
. 1 I .
. 1 I 1 1. () , , , Na+ .
. 1 I 1 .
. 1 I 1 (1)(1) ˸ . 3%. .
. 1 I 1 (2)(2) . 6%. .
. 1 I 1 (2) ()() .
. 1 I 1 (2) ()() .
. 1 I 1 (2) ()() .
. 1 I 1 (3)(3) . 10%. , , ; .
. 1 I 1 . . Na+ 140 /; = 0,6 (60% );
( 5 d:\books\surgery\formuls.cdr)
. 1 I 2 2. .
. 1 I 2 . Na+, Cl HCO3 , :
( 6 d:\books\surgery\formuls.cdr)
: Na+ = 60%, Cl = 20%, HCO3 = 50%.
. Na+ , , Na+, . Na+ 60%.
. 1 I 2 . K+ ; .
. 1 I 2 (1)(1) K+ 3,0 / K+ 100200 , 1,0 / K+.
. 1 I 2 (2)(2) K+ 3,0 / 300400 /, 1,0 / K+ 3,0 /.
. 1 I . - -
. 1 I 1 1. (. V).
. 1 I 2 2. . - . ( 1224 ) , , .
. 1 I 3 3. (, ) .
. 1 I 3 .
. 1 I 3 (1)(1) (. 1 2 1 5).
. 1 I 3 (1) ()() (succus gastricus) 0,45% - NaCl + 20 30 KCl/.
. 1 I 3 (1) ()() (succus entericus), - Ў +10 KCl/.
. 1 I 3 (2)(2)
. 1 I 3 (2) ()() .
. 1 I 3 (2) ()() - Ў .
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. 1 I 3 . .
. 1 I 4 4. .
. 1 I 5 5. . 1 4 . . 1 5 .
1-5
. 15.
(/) | ||||||||||
Na+ | K+ | Cl | HCO3 | Ca2+ | ||||||
0,9% () NaCl1 () | ; | |||||||||
0,45% NaCl1 | Na+; | |||||||||
0,27% NaCl1 | 5% - ; | |||||||||
Ў 1 | ; | |||||||||
5% | ; . | |||||||||
(%) | ||||||||||
3% NaCl | Na+, 510 / | |||||||||
5% NaCl | Na+, 850 / | |||||||||
(/) | ||||||||||
4% KCl ( 50 ) | K+; K+ - ; 40 | |||||||||
4% NaHCO3 ( 100 ) | 44,6 | 44,6 | ; | |||||||
1 5%
. 1 I .
. 1 I 1 1.
. 1 I 1 . : , .
. 1 I 1 . . (60 ) - .
. 1 I 1 (1)(1)
. 1 I 1 (1) ()() : 35 / 60 = 2100 .
. 1 I 1 (1) ()() Na+: 1 / 60 = 60 .
. 1 I 1 (1) ()() K+: 1 / 60 = 60 .
. 1 I 1 (1) ()() Cl: 1,5 / 60 = 90 .
. 1 I 1 (1) ()() HCO3: 0,5 / 60 = 30 ( , ).
. 1 I 1 (2)(2) / :
. 1 I 1 (2) ()() 2000 5% - , 0,27% - NaCl + 30 KCl/,
. 1 I 1 (2) ()() 500 5% - , 0,45% - NaCl.
. 1 I 1 (3)(3) :
. 1 I 1 (3) ()() 2500 ,
. 1 I 1 (3) ()() 84 Na+,
. 1 I 1 (3) ()() 60 K+,
. 1 I 1 (3) ()() 84 Cl,
. 1 I 1 (3) ()() 0 HCO3.
. 1 I 1 (4)(4) , (, 100 /, 250 / ..), , 24 .
. 1 I 2 2.
. 1 I 2 . : , (, , , ..).
. 1 I 2 . . (. I 1 ) , . 1600 . .
. 1 I 2 (1)(1) .
. 1 I 2 (1) ()() 1600 5% - Ў + 20 KCl/ ( . 1 2, ).
. 1 I 2 (3) ()() [ . I 1 (1)].
. 1 I 2 (2)(2) / :
. 1 I 2 (2) ()() 2000 5% - , 0,27% - NaCl + 30 KCl/.
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. 1 I 2 (2) ()() 2000 5% - , - Ў + 20 KCl/.
. 1 I 2 (2) ()() , 4 (1600 + 2400 ), 170 / (4 /).
. 1 I 2 (2) ()() Na+ = 337 ; K+ = 108 ; Cl = 295 .
. 1 I 3 3.
. 1 I 3 . Na+ .
. 1 I 3 . . 70 . . . Na+ 160 /.
. 1 I 3 . .
. 1 I 3 (1)(1) :
: ( ) :, .. . : 160 140/140... ..
˸! ( )
7 d:\books\surgery\formuls.cdr
. 1 I 3 (2)(2) : 2,9 + 2,4 = 5,1 , 70 Na+ ( 24 ).
() : 1/2 (5,9 /2) + (2,4 ).
() Na+ (70 ).
. 1 I 4 4.
. 1 I 4 . Na+ .
. 1 I 4 . . , , , 38,1 (). . : , ; 100 ; Na+ 140 /, K+ 3,0 /.
. 1 I 4 (1)(1) : 6% [ , . I 1 (2)].
. 1 I 4 (2)(2) : 100 60% 6% = 3,6 .
. 1 I 4 (3)(3) Na+ ( ): 140 / 3,6 = 504 .
. 1 I 4 (4)(4) Na+: 504 /2 + 100 = 352 .