, , , , . - , - (ΔG), :
:
, . ΔG Wmax, - . , , :
, . ( ) , . .
- . , , ..
ΔG< 0.
. , , ..
ΔG> 0.
.
ΔG= 0,
, , .
. ΔG<0 (ΔH<0), , ., (ΔS>0). ΔG<0 . , .. .
(Δ > 0), (ΔS<0), , .. ΔG> 0.
, . (ΔH<0) (ΔS<0), |ΔH| > |ΔS| (ΔG< 0). |ΔH|<|ΔS| , .
|
|
, , :
, , .. .
(ΔH> 0) (ΔS> 0), , |ΔH| > |TΔS|, (ΔG> 0), (T>Tp) (ΔG< 0).
3.
ΔH | ΔS | ΔG | ||
ΔH<0 | ΔS>0 | ΔG<0 | + 1/22 = | |
ΔH>0 | ΔS<0 | ΔG>0 | = + 1/22 | |
ΔH<0 | ΔS<0 | ΔG<0 <Tp, ΔG>0 >Tp | + 2 = 3 | |
ΔH>0 | ΔS>0 | ΔG>0 <Tp, ΔG<0 >Tp | 4 + 22() = 2 +42 |
, . , :
. ,, ΔG0. ΔG ΔG0 , -:
R , , - .
+bB = cC + dD
:
:
, - , . Wmax, - , ΔF (- ):
ΔF = -Wmax.
- ,
ΔF< 0.
. 2.13.
Δ ΔU pΔV TΔS ΔF TΔS ΔG |
. 2.13
. , , - , . , , .
|
|
? . , . , , , - , - , . , . , .
, , () . , . , , ( ) .
1. - .
2. .
3. ()
4. ) ?
5. .
6. I, II III .
3.