.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


The phenomenon of burnout in foreign Psychology: empiric researches and perspectives




V. . Orel

Cand. sci. (psychology), the dean of faculty of psychology, Yaroslavl State University

The phenomenon of so called "burnout" (physical, emotional and mental exhaustion) is discussed. The survey of corresponding researches on the factors promoting the development of burnout of professionals is adduced. New approaches to analyze this phenomenon and perspectives of its investigation in our country are considered.

Key words: burnout, social-psychological factors, personal traits.

. 101

: ..

C) 2001 .

.. , ,

. - , , , , . , , , .

: , , , .

"" . , , . , . .

(self-understanding) - [23] , , "". , , .

, "" , , 20 . " " [7], " , " [7]. . , . , .

"" , , .

, , , . , (, ) . , , , , , , . " " , , .

, , , . PsycLIT, , , , 1991 ., 25 . , , , . " ".

20 , , . " ", 1951 . , ,

. 102

. 80 , "" . .

, . .

, .

, , , .

, . , . (William Damon) . (Daniel Hart) , . , , 70- . , .

" " (1977) , . , , [18, . 115].

, " ", , .

1982 . : " " (The Development of self-understanding from Infancy through Adolescence) " " (Daniel . Pacula). 1985 . , : " " " - ".

1986 . " " ("Stability and change in children's self- understanding") " " ("Developmental trends in self-understanding").

" " ("Self- Understanding in Childhood and Adolescence", 1988 .).

"-", . . , : "- ", " " (I) "-", " " (Me). "-" - , , , , , , , ; , .

"-" - , . -, . ( , ), (, , ) (, .). . "-", " " , "-" . "-" , , "-" , "- ".

, , " ", "-".

- "" - : "... - , " (. [18, . 115]). , , . "-", , "-", "" "". , , (, ), , , , .

- "" - . , . , .. , . -, . , , . " ". .

,

. 103

"" . "" " , " (. [18, . 115]). -" " - """ " [ ]. . - " " - , , . " ". .

, "-". " ", , "", .

"-", "-", , "- ", "-". , "-" : "", (agency), "- ", "-", - .

, , " ", " ", - " ". , "", , .

, , "", , , . , , ; "", , " " . , "" . , , , "" , .

, ; - ; .

, ( , "-") , . "-". , .

. , , , .

, , , , - , , .

, , , ( ) , " ". , "", , , , .

, , " ", , , , . , . , , : , .

. 104

.

, "" . , .. ": , , ", [], .

. , 2-3 , "" ( ""), , , , . , [6, . 391].

. " ", , . , . , , [ , . 398].

. , , . "", . , , [ ].

. , " " , [ ].

, .

, .-. [24] , .

5 16 " ". , "", , , , "", "", (agency). , , . , , [25,.17].

. [13] 5 7 . , , , . , . , , , .

5-7- . , (, -), , , . .

. - (S. Cook-Greuter) [4] .

"", , , .. . , . , . "-" [4, . 120]. -

. 105

"-", , .

- . , "": , , , , , , , . - , . , - , 1 % .

(Washington university sentence completion test, SCT), 1970 . . . . 36 , , . .

, , - , . , , . 15 , 844 , 0.8 % (103000 3374 ). 85 , 11 84 . , , 26 .

, SCT, , : " ? ? , ? , ... ?" [4, . 124]. "" , , , . - : , . , , , .

" " [ , . 136] ", , , , , "" " [ ]. " , , "", , , ..." [ ]. " " , . ", , ; , , , , , " [ ].

"" , . " , , " [ ]. "", . " ". , .

, , , -, "". "" , , " - , - , " " " "" [ ]. - , , .

, , . ( ), "" .

. 106

( , ), , , . , .

, "", , , .

, , , . "-", , , . , . , , , , , "". , , , , , - , , . , , , ; " " .

. "" , "", "", "", "", " ", . , . - .

, , , , , , . [12]. , , , , , [1, 19, 20].

"" , : . , , . [26], , . (1972 .) . - , "".

" , , . - . , , , , . , , .

, , , , , . " [26, . 92].

, , , . . : , , - . ,

. 107

, , . . . , . , , , [ , . 94].

, , , , - , , , . , , , , , .

, , , . (. [25]). , , . , , . , , .

, . , .

1970- . X. (. Hector) 1971 . " ", - . (, 18 ) , , , , (., , [9]). ,

1971 . , , .

, . 80-90- . : " " . [8], " " . [14] .

. [8], . [3], . [14], . . [20]. , , " , " [8, . 6]. , , , . : " , , , " [ ].

, , .

1. , , . , " ", , "" " " [8, . 7]. , . " , , , " [9, . 185]. .

2. " , " [3, . 249], " , .. , - "

. 108

[14, . 14]. .

, "" "" "-" . , , , , .

. " : , , " [16].

, "", . . , , " , , , " [20, .246].

, , , , , .

. , . , , . , .

, : "", , , , , . , (, ) . , , .

. , , . . , 1942 . , .

( . narratio - , ) - , , . , " ", .. , . , -, , . . , "" "", , . . , "" " " , XIX XX . (. [22, . 113]).

, , , (. [11, 12], . [22], . [22]). , " - , " (. [22, . 114]). "" , , . , , , , . , , , .

.

, , , , , "", "" . - "", [12, 17]. , , . , [11, 12]. .

, [10, 15], . " ", . -

. 109

.

, (Eder) [10] "-", . , , , . , "- ", .

, , . , , , .

- . .

- , 3. . , " , .. , " (. [7, . 668]). , . , , , .

, . , , .

- , . . - , . .

, , - . , , , . , . , , .

, , " " . , "", , . ( ), [7, . 668].

. , " " , , , , . , , , . . , , .

, , , "", .

"" (self-understanding), . "" . , , , , , . ,

. 110

-, . .

, , , . . , . , , , , , , - .

, , . , . , .

. , . [1,2].

. , , . , , , . , , , . .. : " , , , , . , - , . , , , " [2, . 13]. , .

1. .. . .: - , 1994.

2. .. // . . 2000. . 21. N 2. . 7-16.

3. Braun B. Development of self-knowledge and the process of individuation // Polish psychological bulletin. 1988. V. 19. N 3. P. 257-262.

4. Cook-Greuter S.R. Rare forms of self-understanding in mature adults // Transcendence and mature thought in adulthood. The further reaches of adult development / Eds. .. Miller, S.R. Cook-Greuter. L.: Rowman and Littlefield publishers. Inc., 1994. P. 119-143.

5. Damon W., Hart D. The development of self-understanding from infancy through adolescence // Child development. 1982. V. 53. N 4. P. 841-864.

6. Developmental psychology. An advanced textbook / Eds. .. Bomstein, .. Lamb. L.: Lawrence ErIbaum associates publichers, 1999.

7. Dictionary of Pastoral Care and Counseling / Ed. R.J. Hunter. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1990.

8. Dymkowsky . O samowiedzy i poznawaniu siebie. Wrocl.: Wyd. uniwersytetu wroclawskiego, 1993.

9. Encyclopedia of Psychology / Eds. H.J. Eysenck, W. Arnold, R. Meili. L.: Search Press, 1972. V. 3. P. 185-186.

10. Eder R.A. Comments on cheldren's self-narratives // The remembering self. Construction and accuracy in the self-narrative / Ed. U. Neisser, R. Fivush. Cambrilde: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 180-191.

11. Gergen J. Mind, text, society: Self-memory in social context // The remembering self. Construction and accuracy in the self-narrative / Ed. U. Neisser, R. Fivush. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 78-105.

12. Gergen K.J. If persons are texts // Hermeneutics and psychological theory. L.: New Brunswick, 1988. P. 28- 51.

13. Harter S. Developmental changes in self-understanding across the 5 to 7 shift // The five to seven year shift: The age of reason and responsibility. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation series in mental health and development / Eds. Arnold J. Sameroff, Marshall . Haith, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. P.207-236.

14. Kozielecki J. Psychologiczna teoria samowiedzy. Warsz.: PWN, 1986.

15. Miller P.J. Narrative practices: their role in socialization and self-construction // The remembering self. Construction and accurasy in the self-narrative / Ed. U. Neisser, R. Fivush. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P.158- 180.

. 111

16. Mills R.G. A new understanding of self: The role of affect, state of mind, self- understanding, and intrinsic motivation // J. of experimental education. 1991. V. 60. N 1. P.67-81.

17. Neisser U. Self-narratives: true and false // The remembering self. Construction and accuracy in the self-narrative/Eds. U. Neisser, R. Fivush. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 1-19.

18. Oppenheimer L. The self, the self-concept, and self-understanding: A review of "Self- understanding in childhood and adolescence" by Willam Damon and Daniel Hart // Human development. 1991. V. 34. N 2. P.113-120.

19. Schoeneman T.J. Reports of the sources of self-knowledge // J. of personality. 1981. V. 49. N 3. P. 284-293.

20. Sedikides C., Skowronski J.J. On the sources of self-knowledge: the perceived primacy of self-reflection // J. of social and clinical psychology. 1995. V. 14. N 3. P.244-270.

21. The social work skills workbook / Ed. B. Cournoyer. N.Y.: Brooks-Cole publishing company, 1996.

22. Staude J.-R. Language, narration and self // History of human sciences. 1994. V. 7. N 2. P. 141-149.

23. Thesaurus of psychological index terms / Ed. A. Walker. Wash.: Amer. psychol. assoc., 1994.

24. Tseng Dwan-Jen. A Study on the Damon and Hart's self-understanding model in Taiwanese children // Chinese journal of psychology. 1993. V. 35. N 1. P. 1-17.

25. Wylie R.C. Self-Concept. A review of methodological considerations and measuring. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1974-1979. V. 1-2.

26. Zahorowski Z. Psychospolechne problemy funkcjonowanja samoswiadomosci // Studia filosoficzne. 1986. N 5 (246). P. 83-97.





:


: 2016-12-06; !; : 360 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1674 - | 1529 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.116 .