- .
a . .
, : HCl - , H2O - , NH3 , CH4 - . - .
. , . , ( ):
: .
I II III IV V VI VII
Na2O, CaO, l2O3, 2, P2O5, r3, n27.
, , . , ( ) ( ), , MgCl2.
A x B y, A m, : = . , Al2O3 (3 ´ 2 = 2 ´ 3).
- .
. . . ,
2 ( ) H - O - H,
CO2 ( , (IV)) O = = O,
Al2O3 ( ) = 1 O Al = .
.
, .
. .
.
- , , (.. ).
. :
1. .
2. : , , , .
|
|
3. , (NaH, KH, CaH2 .), + 1. 1.
4. - 2. :
) H22, Na2O2, BaO2, 1; (H ¾ H,
Na O O Na).
) KO2, RbO2, CsO2,
-1 [2]-1 , , ½;
) KO3, RbO3, CsO3, -1 - [3]-1 , , 1/3;
) - 23 (22×22), K, Rb, Cs, -1 ½;
) F2O F2O2 , +2 +1.
5. :
0 0 0 0 0
12, 2, N2, P4, S8.
6. . . , (Li, Na, , Rb, Cs, Fr) + 1, (Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) - +2.
7. .
, H2S 2, (IV) SO2 + 4, (VI) SO3 + 6.
8. , .
, Mg + 2. Mn + 7.
9. , . , ( ) .
, HNO3 HN2. +1, -2, :
+1 + x + (-2 ´ 3) = 0,
x = +5
:
+1 + x + (-2 ´ 2) = 0,
x = +3.