n , - , | |
L=n l, L , n , l | |
∆ - , L | |
() | , k = 0,1,2,3 , ∆ - , λ |
() | ∆ - , λ |
L , l , λ , d , ∆λ | |
∆ - , λ , d , n , i , r | |
R - , λ , N , ∆λ , k | |
, ω | = I ω, , ω , I |
E = / S, , , S | |
, | , I , ε , r |
= I / ΔS, , I , | |
R = / S, R , , S | |
R = π B, R , | |
d , k , φ - , λ | |
α , k , λ , φ - | |
α , k , λ , φ - | |
, n2, n1 . | |
I1 , , I2 , , α | |
- | d , θ , λ |
φ - , l , | |
- | Re , σ -, - |
λmax , b , - | |
h , ν , λ , , ω | |
, , , h , ν , λ | |
hv=A+T, h , ν , , T | |
T < 5 | T , , 0 |
T > 5 | T , 0 , , , 0 , 0 |
∆λ , h , , θ , 0 | |
ν , R - , n, m - (m=1,2,3), (n=m+1) | |
, , | |
h , ν , En /, Em - / | |
∆ , ∆ - , h , ∆ , ∆t - | |
λ , h , | |
ψ , h , U , , x,y,z , , | |
x 1 x 2 | W , ψ |
E n , n - | h , , n , l |
ψ , n , l - , - | |
ρ τ (U < E) | λ |
D | U , , h , |
|
|
|
|
1. S (. 26). , S 1 S 2, d = 0,2 . , l = 2 . ,
λ = 500 . . 26
( ), .
, (1)
- . , .. n = 1.
xk , . ,
,
, :
,
.
.. l d, , ,
. (2)
Δ (1) (2),
.
Δx
.
:
.
, .
2. R = 5 . . r 3 = 3,1 . , .
.
(k = 0, 1, 2, ), (1)
Δ , - -. , . ,
, (2)
d , n
(n = 1).
27 ,
, .
, , d R,
.
d n = 1 (2),
. (3)
(1) (3), k - :
(k = 0, 1, 2, ).
:
.
,
, λ = 6,410-7 .
3. a = 0,55 λ = 694 . ( ).
.
. (1)
- , , k = 2.
k = 2 (1)
4. 0,75. , , .
. P = 0,75.
|
|
I max / I min
P = 0,75 , I max / I min =7.
5. d = 2,5 l = 40 r = 5 , , E = 2 . , : 1) I ; 2) ; 3) R .
. 1) 12 , . ,
E = I / r 2,
I = E r 2.
, , I = 25 .
2)
= I / σ.
σ , .
l d. ,
3) ,
R = π B= 7,9 .
6. , , , λ 1 = 720 λ 2 = 400 .
. .
(1)
.
1 2 (1) 2 1
7. , , U = 3 . v = 61016 c-1. 1) ; 2) .
. .
(1)
. (1) .
, .
8. λ = 400 . , . 2,2 .
. , , .
, v = c / λ. , . ,
= 2,2 = 2,21,610-19 = 3,5210-19 .
9. , .
. ,
|
|
E 3,2 = h v 3,2. (1)
, .
. (2)
m = 2, n = 3. (2) (1), R = 3,291015 c-1, m n, .
-.
1 = 1,610-19 ,
10. υ .
. , , . ,
(1)
, , . ,
(2)
,
(3)
(2) (3)
(4)
, :
m υ r = n . (5)
(5) , n = 3 ( )
11. , .
.
(1)
m υ r = n . (2)
, , 9, . (4)
(3)
. (2) (3)
(4)
, (1) ,
12. , , .
.
(1)
I , S , .
I = Δ q /Δ t . , () .
(2)
. , . :
(3)
,
S = π r 2. (4)
(1)
. (5)
. , , ,
m υ r = n . (6)
υ r
υ r = n / m. (7)
(7) (5)
p m = e n / 2 m,
13. , Δ x =10-5 , m = 10-12 , .
.
. (1)
, . , (1) .
, , ,
.
14. . , θ . 64, , . d 200 , λ υ.
|
|
. -,
2 d sin θ = k λ,
d ; θ , k , λ .
,
λ = 2 d sin θ / k.
, λ = 360 .
,
.
h, m e ( ), λ , υ = 2 /.
15. l. , , (n = 2), (. 28).
. W x 1 < x < x 2
, (1).
ψ n(x) , .
, ,
. (2)
(n = 2)
. (3)
ψ 2(x) (3) (1), ,
. (4)
, 1 = ⅓ l 2 = ⅔ l. (4)
,
W = 0,195.
16. (E = 100 ) . U, , 4% (. 29).
. , U . ρ
,
k 1 k 2 , , x .
, , U , E,
.
, , .
, U, E U
.
.
.
,
.
, .
, ,
U = 55,6 .
17. E = 4,9 . U 5 . d W 0,2.
. D (W = D). , ,
, (1)
m . ,
.
d
.
, d = 0,495 .
, , , d = 0,5 .
3
3.01 | 3.11 | 3.21 | 3.31 | 3.41 | 3.51 | 3.61 | 3.71 | |
3.02 | 3.12 | 3.22 | 3.32 | 3.42 | 3.52 | 3.62 | 3.72 | |
3.03 | 3.13 | 3.23 | 3.33 | 3.43 | 3.53 | 3.63 | 3.73 | |
3.04 | 3.14 | 3.24 | 3.34 | 3.44 | 3.54 | 3.64 | 3.74 | |
3.05 | 3.15 | 3.25 | 3.35 | 3.45 | 3.55 | 3.65 | 3.75 | |
3.06 | 3.16 | 3.26 | 3.36 | 3.46 | 3.56 | 3.66 | 3.76 | |
3.07 | 3.17 | 3.27 | 3.37 | 3.47 | 3.57 | 3.67 | 3.77 | |
3.08 | 3.18 | 3.28 | 3.38 | 3.48 | 3.58 | 3.68 | 3.78 | |
3.09 | 3.19 | 3.29 | 3.39 | 3.49 | 3.59 | 3.69 | 3.79 | |
3.10 | 3.20 | 3.30 | 3.40 | 3.50 | 3.60 | 3.70 | 3.80 |