| My name is | |
| I am Marina Novikova. | . |
| I'm 25 years old. / I'm twenty-five years old. / I'm twenty-five. | 25 . / . / . |
| I was born on May 3, 1984. (on May third / on the third of May, nineteen eighty-four) | 3 1984 . ( ) |
| I was born in 1987 in Moscow. | 1987 . |
| I was born in Novosibirsk and grew up there. | . |
| I graduated from school in 2002. / I finished school in 2002. (in two thousand two) | 2002 . ( ) |
| My mother is a nurse. (a doctor, a teacher, a designer, an engineer) | . (, , , ) |
| I have a brother. His name is Anton. He is younger than I am. He is three years younger than I am. (Informal: He is younger than me. He is three years younger than me.) | . . , . , . ( : . .) |
| I'm single. I'm not married. | . / . |
| We live in a nice apartment in a modern building. | . |
| My address is 35 Ivanova St., Apt. 61. (thirty-five Ivanova Street, Apartment sixty-one) | : . , . 35, . 61. ( , , ) |
| I live at 26 Lesnaya St., Apt. 18. | 26, ., . 18. |
| I like to read and walk with my dog. | . |
| We like classical music. | . |
| I like basketball and old movies. | . |
| My wife loves traveling. | . |
| My hobby is photography. | . |
| I'm an engineer. | . |
| I work at a bank. And you? | . ? |
| I work in a restaurant. | . |
| I work as a teacher. | . |
| I work as a software consultant. | . |
| I work for a newspaper. | . |
IX.
(INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES)
() .
, . , , Present Past Indefinite - do, did. , (You saw Pete yesterday? ?) .
:
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(General Questions),
(Special Questions),
(Alternative Questions)
() (Disjunctive Questions).
1.1. (General Questions)
- , , .. , .
:
1) , t be to have rsent Indefinite Past Indefinite:
Have you a dictionary? - ?
Were you very busy? - ?
there is, to be there, - :
Is there any bread left? - ?
2) , :
n you give me anything to read? - - ?
Have you seen the ballet? - ?
, :
Has she been working here for five years?- ?
2) rsent Indefinite st Indefinite ( to be to have), do (does) did, :
Does he study at the University? - ?
Did you see him yesterday? - ?
t have (to have breakfast, to have a rest ..) , t d :
What time do you have breakfast? - B ?
When do you have to be there? - ?
CA to have to do. :
Br. E.: Have you any English books?
Am. E.: Do you have any English books? ?
. , Yes No, , , . not :
Do you play chess? Yes, I do. No, I dont. - ? . - .
Can you do it? - ? Yes, I can. No, I cant. . - .
, thre is, :
Is there a dictionary on the table? - - ? -
Yes, there is. No, there isnt. . - e.
any, some, not any none:
Are there any dictionaries in the library? Yes, there are (some).- ? - ().
- No, there are not any (there are none). - .
not, . , ? ?:
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Dont you want to see our park?
Do you not want to see our park? ?
, :
Have you seen Jane? - ?
Do you know Jane Morgan? - ?
. Yes. :
Havent you seen Jane? - Yes, I have. - ? - , .
Didnt you finish your work yesterday? Yes, I did - ? - , .
. 1.2. (Special/ Wh-Questions)
, - , , .
, , , , , . , , . .
what, which, where, when, who, why, how, how long, how much/ many , : , , , .
:
| What are you writing? | ? | |
| . | What train shall we take? | ? |
| What are you laughing at? | ? | |
| What film are they talking about? | ? | |
| Where are you going? | ? | |
| What street do you live in? | ? | |
| What is he? Who is this boy? | ( )? ? ( , ..) | |
| Whose pen is this? How much is it? | ? ? | |
| Who told you that? | ? | |
| What river flows through London? How many students attended the lecture? | ? ? |
who what , . , , :
Who helps you in your work? - ?
Who were dancing in that corner near the palm-tree?- , ?
, , , c :
Who brought you this book? - ? - My friend did. .
Who invented the radio? Popov did. - ? - .
:
When are you leaving? We have not fixed the day yet.- ? - .
Whats the matter with you, Jane? - Im feeling unwell, I have a headache. - , ? - , .
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, , :
When are you leaving? Tomorrow. - ? - .
Whats the matter with you? Why, nothing. - ? - .
Where are our seats? Row 12, seats 18 and 19. - ? - , .
.
1.3. (Alternative Questions)
, , , .. . ( ) ( ) or. , r - .
, , :
Do you work or (do you) study? - I study. - ? -
.
When will you come: in the evening or in the morning? I shall come inthe morning. - : ? - .
, , . :
Did you or did your brother win the first prize at the chess tournament? - My brother did. - ? - .
, :
What conductors offer more resistance: long ones or short ones? - : ?
1.4. (Disjunctive Questions)
. - oec- , - , - . - t d. ( Yes), - ; ( No), .
. : , , .. , . , .
: ? ? ? ? - :
He is here, isnt he? - , ?
He isnt here, is he? - , ?
Jne doesnt play tennis, does she? - , ?
You have such a book, havent you?- ?
:
Today is Monday, isnt it? Yes, it is. - ? .
You dont like coffee, do you? No I dont.,- , ? - .
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Thats right. Thats so. Quite right. Quite so:
You have been here before, havent you? Thats right. - , ? - .
You returned from the trip yesterday, didnt you? Thats so. - ? - .
, yes, - no, , . :
You didnt like the song, did you? - , ?
Yes, I did. - , . No, I didnt. - , .
X. (MODAL VERBS)
, (), a : , , .. :
I must go home. - .
n you swim? ?
y I sit down? ?
cn - uld, must; have to, have got to, may might, ought, should, be to, need, dare.
have, be, should , , need, have, be, get - :
| You should consult a doctor. | . | |
| I should like to read this book. | . | |
| What a pity you have to go. | , . | |
| I have bought a new dictionary. | . | |
| I have a new dictionary. | . |
, have, be, dare, have got, , .e. . , - ()s 3- Present Indefinite.
must, ought to, should, need, have got o . an, may, be to (Present Indefinite and Past Indefinite), : can could; may - might; am, is, are to was, were to. have to , (Prsent, Pst Future Indefinite), : have/ has to had to shall/ will have to.
, have to, do, :
m I to come tomorrow? - ?
You mustnt do it. - B .
I cannot answer this question. - .
, . must, n (could), may (might), should, need (.e. to), be to, ought to, have (got) to - (.. t):
Im afraid I must be off. - , .
nt you see him? - ?
May I speak to you? - ?
What are we to do now? - ?
You ought to know it. - .
Wll have to wait for Mary. - .
. :
- n you speak English? -?
- s, I can. - .
u can come toda, cant u? - , ?
, . :
I dont feel like going there but Im afraid I ll have to. - , , , .
h boy ran as fast as he could. - .
Do it yourself if you can. - , .
1. Can
Can :
| - | - | ||
| Present Indefinite | I can swim. | Can I swim? | I cannot (cant) swim. |
| Past Indefinite | I could swim. | Could I swim? | I could not (couldnt) swim. |
Cn/ Could :
1) , , (n) (ould) :
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You can drive a car, cant you? - ?
I culdnt cm earlier, I had a music lesson - , y .
can to be able to ( Future Indefinite) + :
In two ars h will be able to speak English prfctly well. - -.
to be able + / uld, , . :
I cant ski. .
I am not able to ski today, Ive hurt my leg - ( ) , .
2) , :
Cant you keep quiet? - ?
u an't pl ftbll here. - .
3) , , :
It cant be true! - !
She cant have said it. - .
Can he have left after all? - -?
4) cannot but + , ..:
I cannot but agree with you. - .
One cannot but admit - ...
5) , . can/ culd :
Can you see that house? - ?
Can you hear that strange noise? - ?
6) could (not) , , :
Could you give me some milk? - ?
Couldnt you find the last copy of the Guardian for me? - ?
I wonder if you could possibly answer a personal question? - , ?
2. a
ma :
| Present Indefinite | I may go | May I go? | I may not go |
| Past Indefinite | I might go | Might I go? | I might not (mightnt) go |
m / might :
1) , ( ) ( ):
a I come in? - Yes, you . - ? , .
May I go out? No, you may not. - ? - , .
might :
Might I trouble you for a minute? - ?
2) , ( , ). m / might , . may might , : , , might . / (The Indefinite Infinitive - The Perfect Infinitive):
He may/ might come at any moment.- .
He may/might have come already. - , .
3) might :
You might be a bit more polite. - .
You might have told me everything. - .
4) may/ might that, so that, in order that ( ; ):
Jerry has told him to meet him next morning so that they may work together.- , .
3. Must
must . must :
1) , , , ( ) ( ):
You must be red b nin. - .
Must w do it today? - ?
You mustnt speak like that. - .
must , need, have to, have got to :
- Must we do exercise 2? - 2?
- No, you neednt. - , .
She doesnt have to come here every week-end. - .
must hv to:
esterd I had to go to the doctor. - .
Tomorrow I ll have to leave. - .
2) , must ; must :
She must be ill. - , , .
He must be playing football. - , , .
We must have taken a wrong turn. - , e .
, ..., , ..., :
must b unaware of this. - , , .
e must have misunderstood me. - , , .
must e , . must probably . is sure to:
He will probably (is sure to) come soon. - , , .
4. Have/ Have got
have :
| Present Indefinite | I have to go She has | Do I have to Does she go? | I do not have She does to go |
| Past Indefinite | I had to go | Did I have to go? | I did not have to go |
| Future Indefinite | I shall have She will to go | Shall I have Will she to go? | I shall not have She will to go |
have to ( ) ( ) , .
must have to rsent Indefinite: must /. have to , , :
I must learn this m, I like it very much. - , .
I dont like this poem but I have to learn it. - , .
must hv to hv got to, :
W have got to finish this job by three.- .
Is this all I ve got to do? - , ?
5. Should
shuld :
1) , :
You should be more careful. - .
What should I do now? - ?
2) should - ( ) ( ):
You should have helped your friend. - .
You shouldnt have laughed at him. .
3) :
hy should be there by now, I think. , .
h film should be interesting. - .
6. Ought
ought oy , . ought :
1) :
Perhaps she oughtnt to work in the kindergarten, she is too nervous. - , ( ) , .
2) , :
You ought to help your sister. - .
These things oughtnt to be done. - .
3) 2- 3- . :
You ought to consult a doctor. - .
coe ought ( ) ( ). ught should, . Ought , should . :
You should have written this word with capital ltter - .
You ought to have been kinder to him. -
.
7. To Be
to be resent st Indefinite:
| Present Indefinite | I am He is to come They are | Am I Is he to come? Are they | I am He is not to come They are |
| Past Indefinite | I was to They were come | Was I to Were they come? | I was not to They were come |
to be to ,
1) ( ) , , :
What exams are we to take this year? - ?
The meeting is to start at 7. - 7.
Ann was to arrive on Saturday. - .
The train is to arrive at 11.30. - 11.30.
2) ws / were to , :
We were to have gone on an excursion yesterday but the weather was too wet. - , .
3) to be to , . :
The chief says I am to be in charge of the programme. - , .
The students are to hand in their ourse rs by 1st. - 1 .
4) to be to . :
At that time he didnt know that he was never to see his son again. - , .
5) , :
His father was often to be seen talking to the workers. - .
Where is he to be found? - ?
, t be to .
8. Need
need .
need :
You need not come. - .
need , . :
You neednt have come. - .
need , . to. to have to, , . :
I do not need to explain anything. - .
Did you need to read all these books? -
?
