(DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH)
1.
- . , , , , , . - . :
The teacher says, The lesson is over. - : . , , , . : The lesson is over, the teacher says.
, , . , , , . , , , :
The lesson is over, the teacher said, and you can go home.- , - , - .
I cant go with you, Mary said. I must do my homework.- , - . .
. . :
She said, Mike has been arrested. | She said that Mike had been arrested. |
: . | , . |
, . , to say , . to say , , . to say to:
Im fond of my dog, said to the girl her mother. - , - .
The girl said to her mother that was she fond of her dog.- , .
to say, , , to say to tell , . to tell, to say, :
He said to me, I have seen you somewhere.- : - .
He told me that he had seen me somewhere.- , - .
, that to say, to tell, to write, to answer, to reply, to know, to think, to ask . to write, to answer, to reply :
Tom says he is going to study French. - , .
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She replied that she knew it. - , nothing about .
In her last letter she wrote that she had successfully passed all her exams.- , .
I didnt know she had left. - , .
2.
:
1. , , , . .
2. , ( , ).
3. that . that to say, to know, to think. , (, to reply , to state - , to remark - ..) that . , , , - .
4. , - ( ) . , , , :
Im very sorry. | He says(that) he is very sorry. |
Jane: Ill be ready in a moment. | Jane saysthat shell beready in a moment. |
( Past Indefinite), , :
Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
Past Indefinite | Past Perfect |
Future Indefinite | Future Indefinite in the Past |
( ). .
, to answer , , :
He said ( that) he would go back by the seven oclock train - , .
Dave said, Dan, I want to talk to you. - : , . | Dave told Dan that he wanted to talk to him. - , . |
Cora whispered, They are looking at you. - : . | Cora whispered that they were looking at him. - , . |
She said, I have been working at this plant for 20 years. - : 20 . | She said (that) she had been working at this plant for 20 years. - , 20 . |
A stranger said, I shall make a note of it. - : . | A stranger said (that) he wouldmake a note of it. - , . |
He said, She disappeared in a con-centration camp. - : . | He said that she had disappeared in a concentration camp. - , . |
Tom said, He was given a new position. - : . | Tom said that he had been given a new position. - , . |
, (.. ) :
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1) Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous Future in the Past:
We had finished our work by 5 oclock yesterday. - 5 . | They said they had finished their work by 5 oclock yesterday. - , 5 . |
2) . , to be:
Peter: I was at the conference of inventors in 1995. - : 1995 . | Peter said that he was at the conference of inventors in 1995. - , 1995 . |
He said, I was born in 1950. - : 1950 . | He said (that) he was born in 1950. - , 1950 . |
3) , .
, :
now - | then - |
today - | that day - |
tomorrow - | the next day - |
the day after tomorrow - | in two days time - ; two days later - |
yesterday - | the day before the previous day |
the day before yesterday - | two days before - ; two days earlier - |
ago - | before - |
next year - | the next year the following year |
here - | there - |
this - | that - |
these - | those - |
, , , :
I said, I shall behere tomorrow. - : . | I said that I should bethere the next day. - , . |
here tomorrow there the next day , .
I said, I shall be here tomorrow. - : . | I said that I should be here tomorrow. - , . |
here - tomorrow , .
3.
, . , : , , , .. .
: 1) , ; 2) , . to ask .
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whether if, whether. . whether if :
He said Have you read the morning papers? - : ? | He asked me whether (if)I had read the morning papers. - , . |
I asked, Do you understand now? - : ? | I asked him if he understood now. - , () . |
, . . that:
Do you speak English? - -? | Yes, I do. | No, I dont. |
I answered that I did. , . | I answered that I didnt. , . | |
Have you received a let-ter from home? - - ? | Yes, I have. | No, I havent. |
I answered that I had. , . | I answered that I hadnt. , . | |
Will he take part in the chess tournament? - - ? | Yes, he will. | No, he wont. |
I answered that he would. - , () . | I answered that he wouldnt.- , () . | |
Are you very tired? ? | Yes, I am. | No, I am not. |
I answered that I was. , . | I answered that I wasnt. , . |
:
He answered in the affirmative. . | He answered in the negative. . |
, . :
Michael said, Why dotheywant to wear the uniform? - : ? | Michael asked why they wanted to wear the uniform. - , . |
He asked, When didyousee him? - : ? | He asked when Ihad seen him. - , . |
He asked, How willhefind it out? - : ? | He asked how hewould find it out. - , . |
He asked me, Whohas come? - : ? | He asked me whohad come. - , . |
4.
(, , ) , (to ask, to beg, to request, to implore), , , (to tell, to order, to compel). , , .
. not. :
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She said, Open the window, please. - : , , . | She asked me to openthe window. - . |
She said, Dont open the window, please. - : , , . | She asked me not to openthe window. - . |
He said, Stop the car. - : . | He told me to stopthe car. - . |
He said, Dont bangthe door. - : . | He told me not to bangthe door. - . |
The commander said to the sentry, Take the prisoner away. - : . | The commander ordered the sentry to takethe prisoner away. - . |
, (.. to ask, to order ..), , , , . :
The commander said, Take the prisoner away. - : . | The commander ordered the prisoner to be taken away. - ( ). |
Present Indefinite/Simple | Past Indefinite/Simple |
Present Continuous/Progressive | Past Continuous/Progressive |
Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
Present Perfect Continuous /Progressive | Past Perfect Continuous /Progressive |
Past Indefinite/Simple | Past Perfect |
Past Continuous/Progressive | Past Perfect Continuous /Progressive |
Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous /Progressive | |
Future tenses | Future-in-the-Past tenses |
XI, XII.