1. [H+], , [OH-], :
) 0.001 Cl; ) 0.005 2SO4; ) 0.1N 2SO4.
2. [H+], , [OH-], :
) 0.001 KOH; ) 0.005 Ba(OH)2; ) 0.1N Sr(OH)2.
3. [OH-], pH
pOH , [H+] = 1 10-8 M ( ).
4. [H+], [OH-] , pOH, pH 6.
5. pH 7.35. [H+], [OH-], pOH.
6. pOH=13.1. [H+].
7. 2.5 10-7 /. pH.
8. , :
) HCl, HI, HBr
) HClO, HBrO, HIO
) NaHSO3, NaHSeO3, NaHSO4
) HF, H2O, NH3, CH4
) HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4
9. pH pOH .
) 0.1M HBr
) 1.45M NaOH
) 0.0071M Ba(OH)2
) 0.03M HNO3
) 0.0001M HCl
) 0.05M H2SO4
) 0.001M NaOH
) 0.005M Sr(OH)2
10. pH pOH . ( .)
a) 0.1N HClO4; ) 0.01N KOH; ) 0.01N H2SO4; ) 0.05M Ba(OH)2
11. pH pOH :
) 0.0092 M HClO, [H+] = 1.810-5 M
) 0.081 M HCN, [H+] = 610-6 M
12. pH pOH :
) 0.0784 M C6H5NH2, [OH-] = 6.010-6 M
) 0.1098 M (CH3)3N, [OH-] = 2.810-3 M
13. :
H2SO4, H2S, C2H5NH2, HClO4, LiOH, HNO2, Cu(OH)2, C6H5COOH,
14. :
Ba(OH)2, CH3COOH, HF, H2SO3, HBr, HClO2, KI, NH4OH, KMnO4, HI
15. (pH<7, pH=7, pH>7) : uSO4, NaCl, Li2S, CaCl2, C6H5COONa ( ), K2SiO3,
[C6H5NH3]Cl ( ), C7H5O3Na ( ).
16. , NaHSO4. ? , . .
17. , ? , , .
) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH;
) HClO4;
) H3BO3.
18. ? , , .
pH (> 7, < 7, = 7)?
) (C6H5)2CH-O-(CH2)2-N (CH3)2;
) CH3OCO(C6H4)-COOH;
) H2N-C6H4SO2R;
) NaHCO3;
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) H2C2O4;
) Na2B4O7;
) CitrNa;
) .
19. 15.6 0.432N HI 30.6 . ( ) NH3.
20. 0.366N KOH H2SO4. 32.0 , 0.366 M ? 0.366 N H2SO4? ( , .)
21. , Ca(OH)2, . 75.0 5.010-2 N HCl 36.6 .
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2.
Ca(OH)2 / ?
22. 0.1824 0.309N NaOH, 9.256 . :
) ( ) ;
) :
HCl, H3PO4, H2SO4, HNO3 CH3COOH? .
23. 0.75N H3PO4 0.5 0.7M ?
24. H2SO4, 40.2 6.5 NaHCO3?
H2SO4 + 2NaHCO3 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2
25. 0.45 282.0 610-3N NaOH . ( ) .
26. 40% 1.305 /.
27. 1.5 M KOH 40.0 0.0656 M H3PO4 :
H3PO4 + 2KOH → K2HPO4 + 2H2O
28. 50.0 0.105 M LiOH 46.28 . , : H2SO4 + 2LiOH → Li2SO4 + 2H2O
29. KHC8H4O4 0.342 35.73 NaOH. .
KHC8H4O4 + NaOH → KNaC8H4O4 + H2O
30. (5.0) 0.095 . 2.8 . /. ? .
31. KOH. pH ? , , .
32. 0.05 M H2SO4 0.4 M KOH. , .
33. 0.333M HNO3 1.25 ?
NaHCO3 + HNO3 → NaNO3 + CO2 + H2O
34. 0.33 M 1.0 0.215 M Ba(OH)2?
35. H2X 1.8 14.00 KOH . , 14.2 KOH 10.0 0.75 M H2SO4. H2X.
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36. 0.3 28˚C 754 ... 0.1 . 0.2 M ? . ( ).
37. 20.0 0.1 M HClO4 ( ) 0.2 M KOH ( ).
38. 3 1.25 0.1N . ( )? /.
39. . 0.5 75.0 0.1 M HCl. 40.0 10.65. 59.1. : a) ; ) ; ) , . . :
(pH..= 3.1-4.4)
(pH..= 4.8-6.0)
(pH..= 6.0-7.6)
(pH..= 8.3-10.0)
(pH..= 9.3-10.5)
40. , ( ) . (<7, =7, >7) ?
41. 10.0 3.1 0.0983N. 6.0 . HCl /.
42. , 1.53 NaOH, 20.0 14.7 0.104N HCl?
43. 5.0 0.1N 5.5 . 2.0 . 1.2 . /.
