TCP/IP.
, . , , , , , , , .
. , -.
. , Telnet, FTR, SNMP, , WWW, HTTP.
, . , , , .
TCP, , UDP (User Data gram Protocol). UDP , .. . , TCP: - . TCP - , .
TCP/IP. ( ) , . - IP. , . IP . , IP .
, . RIP OSPF, , ISMP, - , .
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( , ) . , . , IP- . , TCP/IP , .
() , (Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ISDN .). TCP/IP , TCP/IP.
, , , , .
TCP/IP : ( , , ), - ( IP), - TCP, - , , - , .
Internet. Internet , - , . (dial-up) , Internet. . -, . , , -. , .
, SLIP PPP. -; , , .
Internet , . (on-line) , , , . Web- Internet
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IP-. ( ), Internet.
5.6. IP-
TCP/IP : (, ), IP- ( ).
, , . TCP/IP. , - -, . - 6 .
. . .
IP- ( ), IP- ( ) IP- ( ) .
IP- ARP (Address Resolution Protocol, ), , , . Ethernet, , (.25, Frame Relay .), , , . ARP , ARP-. IP- . IP- , IP- .
ARP- ARP . ARP- . ARP- IP-, .
, .. IP- , RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, ). ARP RARP .
IP- Internet , , ( , , ), IP-. ( Internet), . IP- , .
IP- , (, 108.25.17.100). 255 4- .
32- : . . ( ) , Internet. . (, ) IP-, IP-. , IP- , (), .. IP- .
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IP- - . , .. . , . , 2 , .
IP- - , , C, D, E. IP- (. .4).
. , 7 , 24 .
- ( , ), 14 .
- . , 21 .
D . , 28- . , . . , IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol).
.
IP IP-. , , , - .
. 32-
IP-, , . Internet , .
, IP-, .. . IP- ( ).
IP- , .. , ( ). " ".
DNS (Domain Name System) Internet , , IP-. IP-, .
IP- 196.146.24.10, , , . , . , , : www.obender.com. , . , .. com - ( ), , ; obender - , com ; www - obender. .
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:
- gov. - ;
- mil. - ;
- edu. - ;
- com. - ;
- org. - ;
- net. - , .
, . - "ru", - "us", - "uk", - "ca" ..
Internet DNS , . ( ) , ( , ..). , , . , , , , , - , , .
Internet , , ( ) , , . Internet : , , . , , : gov, " ", , . , , , .
, IP-, DNS, , . Internet, IP-.
DNS , . IP- 4- IP-, , , IP-. IP- Internet, . IP- .
5.7. Internet.
Internet. Internet : , .
, , .. , , .
, .
, . , ( ). .
, Internet. : , . TCP/IP. , , Internet , . .
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(e-mail). Internet , (). , (E-mail ) .
, . , , . Microsoft Mail, Microsoft Exchange, Lotus cc: Mail. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, ) - . Internet.
SMTP- TCP . Internet, SMTP- , . ( ).
() . , . , . . , , , ( ), .
Internet : , , Internet, .
Internet, (on-line), . Internet on-line, , , .
Internet , . : 64 .
Internet, RFS-822 ( , ), . RFS-822 , TCP/IP. , Internet , RFS-822.
. Internet . UUCP off-line, . Sendmail, . . () SMTP TCP/IP . on-line: , , .
: ( SMTP); - , ( UUCP), . UUCP 5 - 10 .
(, , , ) ( , ,
), . : , , .
Mircosoft Mail, , : () ; ; , (, , , , , , ..); ..
, . , , (Users) (Manager). : " ". ( ) . : " " , ; 2 , 360 "" 16 .
Microsoft Mail . . , , - . - . , , (). . : , , - . .
Mail () , .
, . , . , . , . .
Mail. . , . , , . . Mail .
- Mail . , - . - - , "". .
Microsoft Mail , , . : . . , . : , , , . , : , . Delete ().
5.8. UseNet, ,
UseNet () - Internet, , . () , , . UseNet-, , .