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5. . ( , ) . - : , , ..
6. . , (10, 16, 100 /), , , , 2400, 9600, 28800, 33600 /, 56 64 / - 2 /.
7. . on-line, () . , , , on-line , off-line ( ).
8. . , , , , .
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. - Intranet- (Intra - ), () (, ).
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, , .. .
, . , .
1.5.
, . , - Ethernet - " ", , Token Ring - "". , ( TDH). , 70- X , , - .
( , , ) , , - . (, , ) . (, ) , , .
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, , :
- , ;
- - ( , .. , , ). , .
802, 1980 IEEE. IEEE 802. - . , , , .
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, , :
- (LLC);
- ().
LLC , .. LLC, .
, LLC - . , Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, 100VG-AnyLAN.
LLC. . . LLC , .
LLC:
- LLC1 - . . , ;
- LLC2 - . , , ( , ARQ). LLC2 , .. ;
- LLC3 - , . , , (, ) , . LLC3 , .
, IEEE 802..
LLC - ( ), ( LLC2) ( LLC1 LLC2).
: , , ( , ), "" LLC. . , , , , .
1.6. Ethernet ( 802.3)
. 5 . Ethernet, . 10- IEEE 802.3, Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet. .
Ethernet - CSMA/CD. , . CSMA/CD . 8.3 . : . .
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- , . Ethernet , . (72 ) Ethernet 14880 /, - 5,48 /, - 10 /. (1518 ) 9,76 /, . , 512 , 9,29 /, .. 10 /. , , . 0,96.
Ethernet 4 , . . 802.3/LLC.
:
- - 10101010, ;
- - 10101011 , - ;
- - 6 , , - ( ), ( ), ( );
- () - 2 6 ;
- - 2- , ;
- - 0 1500 . 46 , , 46 ;
- - , 46 ( ). , ;
- - 4 , .
IEEE 802.3 :
- 10 Base-5 - ( 0,5 ), 500 ;
- 10 Base-2 - ( 0,25 ), 185 ;
- 10 Base-T - , . - 100 ;
- 10 Base-F - - , . - 1000 2000 .
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10 (10 /), Base - 10 , (5, 2, , F) - .
Ethernet :
- - 10 /;
- - 1024;
- - 2500 ;
- - 5;
- - 100 ( 10Base-T) 2000 ( 10Base-F);
-
- 4.
1.7. Token Ring ( 802.5)
, , . ( ) , . . . - 0 ( ) 7 (). , , .
Token Ring - . - 4 16 /, . - 4 , - 260. . 260 10 , 2,6 . , , , 50 , (
-) 260 , .
802.5 . 4 4 / 16 16 /.
16 / . (ETR): , . , . , , .
Token Ring Ethernet. : ( ) , , , , . , , .
Token Ring ( 1984 . IBM, ) , MAU, .. (. 10.1). ( , , , , - , ) ( ).
Token Ring - : , Ring In (RI) Ring Out (RO) . Token Ring , , ( ).
Token Ring IBM : (HSTR), 100 155 /. Token Ring 16 /.
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1.8. FDDI
, - . 1988 . - (Fiber Distributed Data Interface, FDDI). , - , .
FDDI , , . (100 /), . : .
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FDDI , . . . - , ( "" ) . "" - . .
, FDDI, Token Ring, , FDDI , . , , : , - . , , . . , - , ( ), , . FDDI , Token Ring 16 /. NRZI.
FDDI , , , , .
FDDI Ethernet Token Ring . 1.
1.9. Fast Ethernet 100VG-Any LAN
Ethernet, 1995 1998 .. Fast Ethernet ( 802.3) 100VG-Any LAN ( 802.3z) 100 / Ethernet.
802.3 CSMA/CD, 10 / 100 /.
100VG-Any LAN - Demand Priority (DP), . Ethernet.
1.
Fast Ethernet Ethernet:
- Fast Ethernet , : - , 5 ( ), 3 ( ). , ;
- 200 , 10 10 ;
- Fast Ethernet , ( );
- , , 10- Ethernet;
- , ;
- . 4/5, FDDI. 4 5 , .. 32 5- 4- 16 , 16 , . . , ;
- NRZI;
- Fast Ethernet - ( Ethernet).
10VG-Any LAN :
- - Demand Priority, . , . , , , . - ( ) ( , , , ). - , , , , ;
- , ;
- Ethernet Token Ring, ;
- , , . 4 , 25 /, 100 /. . 5/6, 4/5.
100VG-Any LAN , Fast Ethernet. , Gigabit Ethernet.
1.10. Gigabit Ethernet
- Ethernet, 1000 /. 1998 ., Ethernet.
Gigabit Ethernet :
- ( , ): , , . , , . ;
- Ethernet;
- . CSMA/CD, - ;
- , : -, , ;
- 64 512 , - 200 . , .
Gigabit Ethernet , 100 /, 1000 / , .
1.11.
, . , , . , .
, ( , 4- 5- ) . , , , ( ) .