- (I) (II). (II)
(II)
: 2 Cu + O2 = 2CuO
: 1) CuO + H2 = Cu +H2O
2) CuO + 2 HCl = CuCl2 + H2O
(II)
: CuSO4 +2 NaOH = Cu(OH)2 ↓ + Na2SO4
:
1) :
t0
Cu(OH)2 = CuO↓ + H2O
2) :
Cu(OH)2 + 2 HCl = CuCl2 + 2 H2O
3) - :
Cu(OH)2 + 4 NH4OH = [Cu (NH3)4](OH)2 + 4 H2O
-
Cu+2
, :
CuSO4 + 4 NH4OH = [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4 H2O
-
[Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4 HNO3 = CuSO4 + 4 NH4NO3
:
1. - (I) (II). (II)
3. ( II):
1) .
2) .
3) - :
[Cu (NH3)4](OH)2 - -
. . . . .
- Ag2O
:
- Ag2O :
Ag2O + 2HNO3 = 2 AgNO3 + H2O
Ag2O +4 NH4OH = 2 [ Ag(NH3)2]OH + 3 H2O
Ag+:
1) AgNO3 + HCl = AgCl↓ + HNO3
AgCl + 2 NH4OH = [Ag(NH3)2]Cl + 2H2O
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl + 2 HNO3 = AgCl ↓ + 2 NH4NO3
2) 2AgNO3 + Na2S2O3 = Ag2S2O3 ↓ + 2 NaNO3
,
Ag2S2O3 + H2O = Ag2S ↓ + H2SO4
:
1. - Ag2O .
2. Ag+:
AgNO3 + HCl = AgCl↓ + HNO3
AgCl + 2 NH4OH = [Ag(NH3)2]Cl + 2H2O
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl + 2 HNO3 = AgCl ↓ + 2 NH4NO3
2AgNO3 + Na2S2O3 = Ag2S2O3 ↓ + 2 NaNO3
,
Ag2S2O3 + H2O = Ag2S ↓ + H2SO4
, .
c (II) CuSO4 5H2O , , .
, , .
|
|
|
CuSO4 .
:
1. :
) 7.8 8,3 % Ag
, , , .
) 70 %
2. AgNO3 ,
. , , , . 1% .
3.
" ", " ", " ".
" " , . , , , . .
:
(II) CuSO4 5H2O, ( ), AgNO3
, , .
II . . . , , , , , , .
4 , 2 , , d-.
: 0, +2.
, ; , ZnO.
:
