, , . ( ) ( ). ; , . 2.
u12 = 2u13 + Eu
EuCl2*2H2O = EuCl2 + 2H2O
6EuCl2 + 6H2O (.) = 2Eu(OH)3 + 4EuCl3 + 3H2
EuCl2 (.) + n2 (.) = [u(2)n]2+ + 2l-
4[Eu(H2O)n)2+ + O2 = 3[Eu(H2O)8]3+ + OH- + Eu(OH)3 + (4n-26)H2O
2EuCl2 + 2HC1 (., .) = 2EuCl3 + H2
EuCl2 + 2NaF (., .) = EuF2 + 2NaCl,
EuCl2 + Na2S (., .) = EuS + 2NaCl.
EuCI2 + Na2CO3 (.) = EuCO3 + 2NaCl.
EuCl3 (III).
- ( ), . po ( ), . , . .
2u13 = 2u12 + 12
u13*62 = ul3 + 62
u13 (.) + 82 = [(2)8]3+ + l-
u13 + 3NaOH (.) = u()3 + 3NaCl,
u13 + 3(NH3*2) (.) = u()3 + 3NH4C1.
u13 + 3NaF = EuF3 + 3NaCl.
2u13 + H2 = 2u12 + 2HC1
.
h .
, . . . , , ; , . ; , , , .
Th + 4H2O () = Th(OH)4 + 22
Th + 41 (., .) = ThCl4 + 2H2
3Th + 4HNO3 (.) + 12HCI (.) = hl4 + 4NO + 82.
2Th + n2 = 2hHn (2 <, < 3,75).
Th + O2 = ThO2
Th + 2F2 = ThF4
Th + 2l2 = ThCl4
Th + 2S = ThS2
3Th + 2N2 = Th3N4
hO2 (IV).
. , , . ; , ( ), , . . .
Th02 + 3H2S04 (., .) = [Th(HSO4)(SO4)]HSO4 + 22,
[Th(HSO4)(SO4)]HSO4 = Th(SO4)24- + H2SO4 (0 , ).
ThO2 + 4HNO3 (.) = Th(NO3)4 + 2H2O
ThO2 + 4HF = ThF4 + 2H2O
ThO2 + 212 + 2 = ThCl4 + 22
ThO2 + 2H2S = ThS2 + 22
ThO2 + SiO2 = ThSiO4
ThO2 + 2Ca = Th + 2CaO
ThO2 + 4KHSO4 = Th(SO4)2 + 2K2SO4 + 2H2O
h(OH)4 (IV).
, , . ; , . , . 2 .
Th(OH)4 = ThO2 + 2H2O
Th(OH)4 + 41 (.) = ThCI4 + 42.
Th(OH)4 + 4HF (.) = ThF4 + 42.
Th(OH)4 () + 2 = Th(CO3)O + 22
h(NO3)4 (IV).
, . ( ), . , . .
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Th(NO3)4 = ThO2 + 4NO2 + 2
2{Th(N03)4*520} = 2Th(N03)2O + 4NO2 + O2 + 102
2{Th(NO3)4 * 52} + 5N2O5 = 2Th(NO3)4 + 10HNO3
Th(NO3)4 (.) + nH2O = [Th(2)n]4+ + 4NO3-
[Th(2)n]4+ + 2 <->[Th(H2O)n-1,(OH)]3+ + 3+
Th(NO3)4 + 2H2O= Th(NO3)2(OH)2 + 2HNO3
Th(NO3)4 + 4NaOH (.) = Th(OH)4 + 4NaNO3.
hl4 (IV).
, , . ( ), . , . .
Th14*82 = hl2 + 21 + 72
h14 *82 = ThO2 + 41 + 62
h14 (.) + n2 (.) = [h(2)n]4+ + 4
h14 + 2 = ThCl2O + 2HC1
h14 + 4NaOH (.) = ()4 + 4NaCl.
h14 + 21 = K2[ThCl6]
h14 + Na2CO3 (.) + 2NaOH = Th(CO3)O + 4NaCl + H2O
h14 + 4Na = Th + 4NaCl
.
U .
( ); , , , , . - . . ; , , . , , , , .
U + 22 = UO2 + 2H2
U + 41 (.) = UCl4 + 2H2
4U + 14HNO3 (.) = 4UO2(NO3)2 + 3N2O + 7H2O
U + 222 (.) = U(OH)4
2U + 3H2=2UH3
3U + 402=(U2vUVI)O8
U + 2Cl2=UCl4
U + 2F2=UF4
U + S > US3, US2, U2S3, U3S5
UO2 (IV).
. , , . ; , , , . , . , , .
UO2 + 2H2SO4=U(SO4)2 + 2H2O
UO2 + 4HNO3 (.) = UO2(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 22.
UO2 + O2 = (U2VUVI)O8
UO2 + 3F2 = UF6 + O2
UO2 + 12 = (UO2)C12
UO3 (VI).
-, , . ; , , . .
UO3 + 2 = UO2(OH)2
UO3 + 21 (.) = (UO2)C12 + 2,
UO3 + H2SO4 (., .) = (UO2)SO4 + 2,
UO3 + 2HNO3 (.) = UO2(NO3)2 + 2.
2UO3 + 2NaOH (., .) = Na2U2O7 (.) + 2,
UO3 + 2NaOH = Na2UO4 + H2O
2UO3 + 6F2 = 2UF6 + 3O2
4UO3 + 10Cl4 = 4UC15 + 1012 + 2
UO3 + 2 = M2UO4 (.) + 2 ( = Li, Na, , Rb, Cs),
UO3 + 3Na2CO3 (.) + H2O = Na4[U(CO3)3O2] + 2NaOH.
