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FAQ

⇐ 123 ⇒



(+3).

Ce(N03)3+3NaOH -> Ce(OH)3+3NaN03;

()3+1 -> CCl3+3H2O;

Ce(OH)3 + NaOH

2Ce(N03)3 + 3(NH4)C204 -> Ce2(C204)3()+6NH4N03;

2Ce(N03)3 + 3Na2C03 -> Ce2(C204)3()+6NaN03;

Ce(N03)3 + 3NaF -> CeF3()+3NaN03;

Ce(N03)3 + Na3P04 -> CePO()+ 3NaN03;

NaBiO3 + 6HN03+2Ce(N03)3->2Ce(N03)4()+ B(N03)3 + NaN03 +3 H20

B(+5) +2e -> B (+3) =1.86

Ce(+3) -e -> Ce (+4) =161

= - = 0,25 .

- (+4).

Ce(S04)2( -)+ 4NaOH -> Ce(OH)4 + 2Na2S04:

()4 + N ( -)

Ce(OH)4 + 2NaON -> Na2CeO3 + 3H20;

Ce(OH)4 + 2H2SO4 -> Ce(SO4)2 + 4H2O;

2Ce(OH)4 + 8HCl -> 2CeCl3 + Cl2 + 8H2O

Ce(+4) +e ->Ce(+3) E=1.61

2CI(-1) -2e -> Cl2(0) E=1.36 :

2Ce(SO4)2 + KI ->(pH <7) -> I2 + K2SO4 + Ce2(SO4)3

Ce(+4) +e ->Ce(+3) E=1.61

2I (-1) -2e -> l2 E=-0.54;

2(SO4)2 + 2O2 -> 2(SO4)3 + O2 + 2SO4

Ce(+4) +e ->Ce(+3) E=1.61

2O(-1) -2 -> O2 (0) E=1.23 .

.

(N3)3 + N4O -> ()3 + N4N3;

2()3 + 2O2 -> ()4;

()4 + 202 -> ()3() + 2O.

.

.

u [ ] 4f 6 [ ] 5d 1 6s 2 +3. R(+3) (4f), 3d (Sc, La, Y, Ac).

Eu [ ] 4f 7 [ ] 5d 0 6s 2 +2. (Ca, B). EuSO4.

- .

Eu (+2) Eu (+3)

Eu2(S04)3 +Zn -> (pH < 7) -> 2EuS04 + ZnS04.

Eu

: R2(S04)3 .

- .

u()3 + l -> ul3 + 2O

Eu + 22O -> u()2 + 2.

Eu(OH)2+H2SO4 -> EuSO4 + 2O

u()(3/2) + NaOH - .

+ 20 -> ()4 + 4.

2 + 20 -> ()4 + C2H4.

EuC2 + 20 -> ()2 + Eu2C2.

2 + 20 -> ()2 + 22.

18. 5f- (). . . , . .

.

: [ ] 5f ^(1-14) [ ] 6d^17s^2

.

.

(5f)~ E(6d), => [+3, +7].

Th (+4), Pa (+5), U (+6), Np (+6), Pu (+7), Am (+6), Cm (+4).

.

.

Th [ ] 5f1 [ ] 6d1 7s2, +3, R

Th [ ] 5f0 [ ] 6d2 7s2 +4, 4d: Zr, Hf.

Th + O2 -> ThO2. .

: h3(O4)4 + 12NaOH -> (t) -> 3Th(OH)4 + 4Na3O4.

Th^(+4).

Th(N03)4 + 4NaOH -> Th(OH)4| + 4NaN03.

Th(OH)4 + NaOH .

Th(OH)4 + 4HCI -> ThCl4 + 4H20.

h(N3)4 + 2Na2C03 + H2O -> h3 + 4NANO3 + 2 + CO2.

ThOCO3 + 3Na2C03 + H2O -> Na4[h(3)4] + 2NaOH. K=8.

Th(N03)4 + 2(NH4)C2O4 -> Th(C204)2 + 4NH4NO3.

Th(C204)2 + 2(NH4)C204-> (NH4)4[Th(C204)4] K4=8.

ThF4 + 4Na2C03 -> Na4[Th(CO3)4] + 4NaF.

Th(N03)4 + K4[Fe(CN)6] -> Th[Fe(CN)6] + 4KN03.

Th[Fe(CN)6] + 4Na2C03 -> Na4[Th(C03)4] + Na4[Fe(CN)6].

Th^(+4)

Th(N03)4 + HCI + "" -> .

H2O + HCI + ""> .

.

Ce^(3+) and R^(3+)

-:

R()3 + l -> ( = 6,5) -> RCl3 + 3H2O.

Th(OH)4 + 4l -> ( = 3) -> ThCl4 + 4H2O.

2()3 + 8l -> ( = 1) -> 2l3 + Cl2 + H2O.

(Th^(+4) ):

ThCl4 + (NH4)2C2O4 -> (NH4)4[Th(C204)4] + 4NH4Cl

Rl3 + 3{NH4)2C204 -> R2(C204)3 + 3NH4CI.

(UO2)^(+2), Th^(+4)

.

ThCl4 + 4KF -> ThF4 + 4KCI.

UO2Cl2 + 2KF -> UO2F2 () + 2KCI.

:

ThCl4 + 4(NH4)2C2O4 -> (NH4)4[Th(C2O4)4]^(4-) + 4NH4CI.

2RCI3 + Na2C2O4 -> R2(24) + NaCI.

U^(+6)

ThCl4 + 4KF -> ThF4 + 4KCI.

UO2Cl2 + 2KF -> UO2F2 () + 2KCI.

.

Th(C2O4)2 -> (t) -> ThO2 + 2CO + 2CO2.

: Th02 + Ca -> (t) -> Th3 + CaO. . .

: K2[ThFe6](KCI, NaCI) -> Th3 () + Cl2.

( ):

ThI4 (, )Th + 2I2. Th02/Th3N4/ThC+l2 .

1 : Th + I2 -> (t) -> Thl4 () -> .

2 : Thl4 -> (t) -> Th () + 2I2.

.

U [ ] 5f 3 6d 1 7s 2 +3 (, R^(+3))

U [ ] 5f 2 6d 2 7s 2 +4 (, Th, Ti, Zr. Hf)

U [ ] 5f 1 6d 3 7s 2 +5 ()

U [ ] 5f 0 6d 4 7s 2 +6, ( Cr(+6), Mo(+6), W(+6) [S(+6)].

.

()(U(+4)/U) = - 1,2 V.

a , t = 4*10^(9), t = 1100c.

U + O2 -> UO2; 2U +3O2 -> 2UO2; 3U + O2 -> U3O8 - .

2U + N2 -> 2UN; U+2C -> UC2; U + 3CI -> UCl6; U + 3F2 -> UF6. UCl6 UF6 .

.

U^(+3) ( R^(+3)) U^(+4) ( Th^(+4)).

U(+6).

U(+6) . :

5U(S04)2 + 2n04 + 2H20 -> ( < 7) - 5UO2SO4 + 2nSO4 + K2S04 + 22S04.

2U(S04)2 + Zn () -> U2(SO4)3 + ZnS04

U(+4).

U(SO4)2 + KF -> UF4 + K2SO4

U(SO4)2 + 4[Fe(N)6] -> U[Fe(CN)6].

U(+6).

U + 2O () U()4^(+2) +4+, < 7.

UO2(2) () ()H2UO4 ().

U(+6) . :

: UO2(OH)2 + H2MeO4 -> UO2MeO4 + H2O.

: 2UO2(OH)2 + 2NaOH -> Na2U2O7 + 2H2O.

.

: UO2SO4,UO2Cl2,UO2(N3)2.

: UO2(OH)2, MeU2O7, UO2HPO4.

U(+4)

U(SO4)2 + KF -> UF4 + 2SO4

UO2SO4 + K4[Fe(CN)6] -> (UO2)[Fe(CN)6] (-)+ 2K2SO4.

(UO2)2[Fe(CN)] + 6NaOH -> Na2U2O7 + Na4[Fe(CN)6].

UO2(+2).

2UO2(NO3)2+ K4[Fe(CN)6] -> (UO2)2[Fe(CN)6]() + 4N3

(UO2)2[Fe(CN)6] + 6N()() -> N2U2O7() + Na4[Fe(CN)6] + 3H2O.

.

Na2U2O + 6N3 + 3H20 -> 2Na4[UO2(CO3)3].

UO2SO4 () + Zn + 22SO4 -> U(SO4)2 + ZnSO4 + 2H2O.

.

( Ra) U3O8 + MnO2 + 4H2SO -> 3UO3SO4 ( + ) + nSO4 + 42O.

1) Ra + 2SO4 -> RaSO4 + 2+. .

2) UO2SO4 + N23 -> Na4[UO2(CO3)3] + Na2SO4. .

:

1 ). .

Th^(+4) + 4RS03 -> Th(RSO3)3 + 4+

UO2 + 2RHS03 -> UO2(SO3)2 + 2H+

2 ) . l ,

, ( ).

.

Na4[UO2(3)3] + 2SO4 -> UO2SO4 + 3U2CO3 + 2Na2SO4

) UO2SO4 + 2NaOH () -> UO2(OH)2 + 2Na2SO4

) UO2(OH)2 -> (t) -> U3 + 2O#

) U3 + 2 -> UO2 + 2O

) UO2 + HF-> (t = 6) -> UF4 + 2H2O

) UF4 + -> (t > ) -> U() + CaF2.

U^(+6).

UO2(NO3)2+2NaOH() -> UO2(OH)2 + 2NaNO3.

UO2(OH)2 + 2NaOH() -> Na2U2O7 + 3H2O.

Na2U2O7 + 6Na2CO3 + 3H2O -> 2Na4[UO2(CO3)3] + 6NaOH. =6;

UO2SO4 + Zn + 2H2SO4 -> U(SO4)2 + ZnO4 + 2H2O

UO2SO4 + NaF <--> UO2F2 + Na2SO4.

U(SO4)2+4NaF -> UF4 + 2Na2SO4.

2UO2SO4 + K4[Fe(CN)6] -> (UO2)2[Fe(CN)6] + 2K2SO4.

U(SO4)2+K4[Fe(CN)6] -> U[Fe(CN)6] + 2K2SO4.

 

19. . , , . .

. :

(1+2) --->(P)---> (B1) + (B2)

P t,p,.

. . (.. .): - , .

, (...) -.

:

- . .

: - . , , . . - . . , - ( ). - . . = /Cb = D(y-/y)/

, , .

- - (, , ), -, , , . , . RSO3H() + NaCl(p-p) = RSO3Na() + HCl.

:

. - (1<2).

:

1) . . .

2) 1 2

3) ( ) , 1.

. , , , (, .). . - .

 

.

1. .

- ( ), . . , , . ; , , , , .

2 + 62 (.) = 2()3 + 2

2 + 6l (.) = 213 + 2

+ 43 (.) = (N3)3 + NO + 22

2 + n2 = 2n

+ 2 = 2

2 + 12 = 213

2 + 3S = 2S

2 + N2 = 2N

+ 2() = 2

2. Ce2O3 (III).

, , , . , 2 . . : . .

23 + 2 = 2()3

23 + 61 (.) = 213 + 2

23 + 22 + 2 = 23()

223 + 2 = 42

3. CeO2 (IV).

. -, , , . ; 2 * n2 . . : , . ; , , .

22 + 81 (.) = 213 + 12 + 42,

22 + 61 (.) + 22 = 213 + 2 + 4H2O

2 + 22S4 (.) = (S4)2 + 22

42 + 62S4 (.) = 22(S4)31 + 2 + 62

2 + N (.) = (N3)3 + 2

2 + 2Na = Na23 + 2

22 + 2 = 23 + 2

2 + 22 = + 22

22 + () = 2 +

22 + = 23 +


⇐ 123 ⇒


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