. :
) K2SO4 .
) FeCl3 .
. .
.
:
(-) ( ), (. 25).
Li Al , .. , . H+ . , ( ) . (-1), ( Zn H).
(+) () (, ), (.25).
1) : S-2, I-, Br, Cl-.
2) (SO42-, NO3-, SO32- F-) . OH- .
3) () , .. H- .
:
) 
K
H2
:
:
+
O2
:
:
:
.. , , .
) 
K
|
:
+
|
:
 |
, .. .
25
261. g+, Ni2+, Sn2+, u2+ ( ). . . ? NiSO4 , , .
262. , g+, Fe2+, Pb2+, u2+ , . . b(N)2 , .
263. Li1, 12, Na1, 12, l. ? . , , .
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|
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264. Pb2+, Hg2+ Bi3+, 2+ ( ) ? . (NO3)2; , , .
265. ? , , ? NaI , , . NaI? .
266. - . : ) 1; ) u12; ) u(N3)2
. , .
267. (II) : 22 = 2+ 4+ + 4e. : ) ; ) ; ) ? . , , .
268. g+, Fe2+, u2+,i3+, n2+ ? . (II), . , .
269. (..), , 0,381 .
270. . : ) uCl2 ) KCl ) u(NO3)2. . , , .
271. Sr2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cr3+( ). ? . Al(NO3)3 . , .
272. ? , . . , , , .
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273. , , , ? . , . , , .
274. ? . , , , .
275. ( )? . , , , . ?
276. , ? ? NaCl ZnCl2. . , .
277. (II) 22 = 2+ 4+ + 4-. :
) ; ) ; ) . . , , , .
278. , Ba2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Au3+? . . : ) 12; ) F13; ) ul3? ? , .
279. C . .
280. ? , , ? l? .
11.
281 300 ( 14)
, , :
,
σ π
,
, , , . . . , . : , , .
|
|
|
15
| CH2=CHCH3; | C2H5OH | |
| CH2 =C(CH3)CH=CH2; | CH3CHO | |
| C2H4; | CH3COOH | |
| C2H2; | CH3COCH3 | |
| CH2=C(Cl)-CH=CH2; | C6H5OH | |
| ; | CH3COOCH=CH2 | |
| C6H5CH3; | C2H4(OH)2 | |
| C3H4; | C6H5NH2 | |
| CH2=CH-C2H5; | C2H5CHO | |
| CH3CH2CH3; | C3H5(OH)3 | |
| C6H5C2H5; | CH2=CHCN | |
| CH2=CH-CH=CH2; | CH3CO-C2H5 | |
| C4H8; | n-C6H4(COOH)2 | |
| ; | C6H5CHO | |
| CH2=CCl2; | C6H5CH2OH | |
| C4H10; | CH2=CHCONH2 | |
| C5H12; | NH2CH2COOH | |
| C6H6; | HOCH2COOH | |
| C5H10; | C2H5COOC2H5 | |
| CH3C(CH3)2CH3; | CF2=CF2 |
: -
