- () (a > 30 %). :
HNO3 H+ + NO3-
H2SO4 2H+ + SO4-2
, :
HNO2 H+ + NO2-
CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO-
:
I H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- a1
II HCO3- H+ + CO3-2 a2 (a1>>a2)
:
Sr(OH)2 Sr+2 + 2OH-
KOH K+ + OH-
:
I Al(OH)3 Al(OH)2+ + OH- a1
II Al(OH)2+ AlOH+2 + OH- a2
III AlOH+2 Al+3 + OH- a3 (a1>>a2>>a3)
. :
: AlCl3 Al+3 + 3Cl-
: NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3-
: CaOHCl CaOH+ + Cl-
( ).
, :
K+A- K+ + A-, , (7.4)
[K+], [A-], [KA] , /.
HCN H+ + CN-,
.
, . a .
a :
. (7.5)
(7.5) . a , (1 - a) 1 (7.5)
, (7.6)
(/). (7.6) , ( ). K+A- K+ + A- [K+] = [A-] = a× , (7.6) :
(7.7)
2. 7,210-10. HCN 0,002 .
. (7.6).
3. 0,1 HCN.
. (7.6) HCN,
[+] = a× = 8,5×10-5 × 0,1 = 8,5×10-6 /.
4. 0,2 HCOOH ( = 1,76×10-4), 1 0,1 HCOONa, , ?
|
|
. [H+] [HCOO-] ( ) (7.7):
/.
[HCOO-] . HCOO-, , [HCOO-], [HCOO-] 0,1 . [HCOO-] , [HCOO-] ,
,