, sp- ( CºC 0,120 ). | |
CnH2n-2 (n ≥ 2) | |
, , | 1. º (); ºі 2. ºі3 () 3. ºі2CH3 -1() CH3CºCCH3 -2 () 4. HCºCCH2CH2CH3 -1 CH3CºCCH2CH3 -2 HCºCCHCH3 3--1 | 3 : ) ; ) ; ) : CH3CºCH CH2=C=CH2 |
22, 34, 46 58 1528 C1630
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, , . π-, :
X X
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(CºC) + X2 CC
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X X
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: | ||
I. 1. ( ) | T,Ni HCºCH + H2 CH3CH3 ( : +H2 +H2 HCºCH CH2=CH2 CH3CH3) | |
2. ( ) | Br Br | | HCºCCH3 + 2Br2 HCCCH3 (H2O) | | Br Br 1,1,2,2- ( ; ) | |
3. - ( ) | HCºCH + HCl CH2=CCl ( : T,P,kat n CH2=CHCl [CH2CH]n) | Cl Cl +HCl +HCl | CH3CºCCH3CH3CH=CCH3CH3CH2CCH3 Cu+,Hg2+ | | Cl Cl -2 2--2 2,2- | |
Br | CH3CºCH + 2HBr CH3CCH3 | Br 2,2- | ||
4. ( 22 ) | Hg2+ HCºCH + HOH [CH2=CH] | OH ( ) Hg2+ HCºCCH3 + HOH CH3CCH3 || O (, ) | |
II. - 1. | T 2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O ( ) | |
2. n4 ( - ) | HºCºCH + 4(O) ( n4) () HCºCCH3 + 3(O) + H2O + () () CH3CºCCH3 + 3(O) + H2O 2 -2 ( ; - n4 ) | |
III. -, - | CuCl2,H+ HCºCH + HCºCH CH2=CHCºCH () HCI , : Cl | CH2=CHCºCH + HCl CH2=CHC=CH2 Cl Cl | T,P,kat | nCH2=CHC=CH2 (CH2CH=CCH2)n | |
C(act),~5000C 3HCºCH H2SO4,T 3CH3CºCH 1,3,5- | ||
IV. ( ). , CºCH (. . ) | HCºCH + 2CuCl CuCºCCu¯ + 2HCl (I) CH3CºCH + CuCl CH3CºCCu¯+ HCl (I) ( - , ) NH3(.) 2HCºCH + 2Na 2HCºCNa + H2 NH3,2 HCºCH + A2O AgCºCAg¯ + H2O |
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1. | CaC2 + 2H2O HCºCH + Ca(OH)2 |
2. () | ~12000C 2CH4 HCºCH + 3H2 |
3. | 22 , , : T CH3CHCHCH3+2KOHCH3CºCCH3+2KCl+ 2H2O | | Cl Cl 2,3- -2 , , : T CH3CH2CHBr2+2NaOHCH3CºCH +2NaBr+2H2O 1,1- |