= ⁰ 2H+/H2 ŰZn₂⁺ / Zn = 0 ( 0,76) = 0,76 .
, .
, :
Li, Rb, K, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Cr, Fe, Cd, Co, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Sb, Bi, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au.
, , . 2.
, , .
Ű, .
Ű, .
:
1. , Ű, .. .
2. , , (₂) .
3. , Ű, ( Li Na) , .
. - , , , . , , , . , . , .. . , , , , , - . , , , .
.
Na⁺ Cl⁻. . , , :
Na⁺ + ē = Na,
-, :
Cl⁻ + ē = Cl.
2 NaCl = 2 Na + Cl₂.
⁺ ⁻. , .
, (. ).
|
|
Li, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al | Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb | H | Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au |
n⁺ - ( ) 2 ₂+ 2ē = ₂↑+ 2 ⁻ | n⁺ + nē = Me 2 H₂O + 2ē = H₂↑ + 2 OH⁻ | Men⁺ + nē = Me |
(. ).
m⁻ | ||
() , , , | J⁻, Br⁻, S²⁻, Cl⁻ m⁻ ( F⁻) m⁻ m ē = A | OH⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻ F⁻ : 4 ⁻ 4 ē = ₂↑ + 2 ₂ 2 ₂ 4 ē = ₂↑ + 4 ⁺ |
nē = Men⁺ |
, NaCl NaOH, H₂ Cl₂. 2 NaCl + 2 H₂O = H₂ + Cl₂ + NaOH.
. .
; , .
. , . . . . (12 ): , (II), , (II), , , , , . . . .