1.1
4. .
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4.
1 .
ອ䳿 ' . () 䳿 - . , 䳿 ' .
䳿 ' ( 䳿 ' ) ( 䳿 ' ). ֳ .
.
̳ ISO, , ' , , . ³ , , . 䳿 (BBC). , BBC, , , , , .
(Application layer). (7-) , . г , , , . , .
г (Presentation layer). / . , , , , . / / , , .
(Session layer). ³ ', . г / , , , . , 䳿.
|
|
(Transport layer) (Transport layer) 4- OSI, , , . , , , . , , ' , . 䳿 -.
(Network layer). 3- OSI, . ³ , , , . , .
(Data Link layer). 䳿 , . , , . , 䳺.
Գ (Physical layer)
, . . , . () . Գ , , ', , , , .
3 .
. , .
() :
;
;
.
' . , - . , , . , , , 䳿 .
.
' 䳿 ' 䳿 . , . - UNIX Windows NT, - IOS (Inter- working Operation System) Cisco Systems
|
|
1 - BBC.
г OSI | |
HTTP, Telnet, DNS, DHCP, SMTP, SNMP, CMIP, FTP, SSH, IRC, AIM, NFS, NNTP, NTP, FTAM, APPC, AFP, LDAP, SIP, RTP, RTCP, ITMS, IMAP, POP3, SMB, BitTorrent, e2k, . . | |
() | ASN.1, XML, TDI, XDR, NCP, AFP, ASCII, Unicode |
ASP, DLC, Named Pipes, NetBIOS, NWLink, Printer Access Protocol, Zone Information Protocol, SSL, TLS, SOCKS, PPTP | |
TCP, UDP, AEP, ATP, IL, NBP, RTMP, SCTP, DCCP, RTP, STP | |
IPv4, IPv6, ICMP, IGMP,NWLink, DDP, IPSec, ARP, SKIP | |
( ) | ARCnet, ATM, DTM, SLIP, Ethernet, FDDI, Frame Relay, Token Ring, PPP, PPPoE, WiFi, PPTP, L2F, L2TP, PROFIBUS |
Գ | RS-232, RS-422, RS-423, RS-449, RS-485, ITU-T, RJ-11, T1, E1, Ethernet, . . |
4
' ( ) (/ ) .
, , . : TCP-.
, . , , ( '). : IP-. , '.
' . ' ', , -- (. point-to-point) ', , .
, .
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
IJ 1
1.1
4. ϳ й1.
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
:
1. .
2. .
3. , ? ?
4. .
5. , ?
6. , ?
7. .
8. .
9. ?