22. , .
| ) | 1) | 24 → 22 + 32 | |||
| ) | 2) | 2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3 | |||
| ) | 3) | 4 + Cl2 → 3Cl + HCl | |||
| ) | 4) | AgNO3 + KCl = AgCl↓ + KNO3 | |||
23. , .
| ) | , | 1) | Cu(OH)2  CuO + H2O
| ||
| ) | , | 2) | CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2 | ||
| ) | , | 3) | N2 + O2  2NO
| ||
| ) | , | 4) | 2K + 2H2O = 2KOH + H2 | ||
| 5) | HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O | ||||
1. ,
2Mg + O2 = 2MgO + 1200 ,
600 . (..)
| 1) | 44,8 | 2) | 22,4 | 3) | 11,2 | 4) | 112 |
2. ,
2a + O2 = 2CaO + 1270 ,
56 .
| 1) | 635 | 2) | 2540 | 3) | 317,5 | 4) | 254 |
3.
4Al() + 3O2() = 2Al2O3() + 3352
, 270 ,
| 1) | 6704 | 2) | 1340,8 | 3) | 8380 | 4) | 838 |
4. ,
S() + O2() = SO2() + 297 ,
1188 . (..)
| 1) | 44,8 | 2) | 89,6 | 3) | 890 | 4) | 112 |
5. ,
2SO2() + O2() = 2SO3() + 198 ,
990 .
| 1) | 1280 | 2) | 1600 | 3) | 320 | 4) | 640 |
6.
2() + 2() = 22() + 568
, 11,2 (..) (II),
| 1) | 113,6 | 2) | 142 | 3) | 284 | 4) | 838 |
7. ,
2KClO3() = 2KCl() + 3O2() + 90 ,
224 (..) . , ,
| 1) | 450 | 2) | 270 | 3) | 300 | 4) | 150 |
8. ,
N2() + 32() = 2N3() + 92 ,
46 . (..)
|
|
|
| 1) | 67, 2 | 2) | 44,8 | 3) | 11,2 | 4) | 33,6 |
9. ,
CH4() + 2O2() = CO2() + 2H2O() + 802 ,
160,4 . (..)
| 1) | 4,48 | 2) | 13,44 | 3) | 8,96 | 4) | 11,2 |
10. ,
4NH3() + 5O2() = 4N() + 6H2O() + 902 ,
451 . (..)
| 1) | 44,8 | 2) | 112 | 3) | 67,2 | 4) | 22,4 |
11. ,
4NH3() + 3O2() = 2N2() + 6H2O() + 1532 ,
22,4 (..) .
| 1) | 1532 | 2) | 766 | 3) | 306,4 | 4) | 3064 |
12. ,
22() + 2() = 22() + 572 ,
7,2 .
| 1) | 114,4 | 2) | 57,2 | 3) | 143 | 4) | 228,8 |
13. ,
() + 22() = 4() + 74,6 ,
373 . (..)
| 1) | 448 | 2) | 56 | 3) | 112 | 4) | 224 |
14. ,
CO2() + C() = 2CO() 173 ,
34,6 . (..) (II)
| 1) | 22,4 | 2) | 4,48 | 3) | 8,96 | 4) | 11,2 |
15. ,
2() + l2() = 2l() + 184,6 ,
11,2 (..) .
| 1) | 18,46 | 2) | 37,92 | 3) | 46,15 | 4) | 92,3 |
16.
6126() + 62() = 62() + 62() + 2800
, 36 ,
| 1) | 560 | 2) | 280 | 3) | 140 | 4) | 420 |
17.
24() + 32() = 22() + 22() + 1410
, 8,8 ,
| 1) | 705 | 2) | 70,5 | 3) | 282 | 4) | 141 |
18.
226() + 72() = 42() + 62() + 3120
112 (..)
| 1) | 15600 | 2) | 7800 | 3) | 3900 | 4) | 1560 |
19.
222 + 5O2 = 4CO2 + 2H2O + 2610
26
| 1) | 1305 | 2) | 5220 | 3) | 522 | 4) | 652,5 |
20. ,
25 + 32 = 22 + 32 + 1374 ,
458 . (..)
| 1) | 144,4 | 2) | 33,6 | 3) | 67,2 | 4) | 22,4 |
21. ,
2NO() + O2() = 2NO2() + 114 ,
570 . (..) (II)
|
|
|
| 1) | 144,4 | 2) | 336 | 3) | 112 | 4) | 224 |
22. ,
N2() + O2() = 2NO() 180,8 ,
56 (..) (II).
| 1) | 90,4 | 2) | 113 | 3) | 226 | 4) | 452 |
23. ,
2AgNO3() = 2Ag() + 2NO2() + O2() 317 ,
10,8 .
| 1) | 31,7 | 2) | 15,85 | 3) | 63,4 | 4) | 12,68 |
. . , , *
1*. Δ :
| () + 2() = 2(), | Δº = - 393,5 |
| 2 + 1/2 2() = 2(), | Δ = - 241,8 |
| 24() + 32() = 22() + 22(), | Δ= - 1323 |
2*. Δ , :
| () + 2() = 2(), | Δº = - 393,5 |
| 2g() + 2() = 2g(), | Δº = - 1203,6 |
| g() + 2() = g3(), | Δº = - 117,7 |
3*. Δº 2() + 5Cl2(.) = 2Cl5(.), :
| 2() + 3Cl2() = 2Cl3(), | Δº = - 558,9 |
| Cl3() + Cl2() = Cl5() | Δº = - 90,5 |
4*. (VI) . SO3(.), , SO2(.) 297,1 /, 1 SO2(.) SO3(.) 99,0 .
5*. :
| () + 2() = 2(), | Δº = - 393,5 |
| 2 + 1/2 2() = 2(), | Δ = - 241,8 |
| 6126() + 62() = 62() + 62(), | Δ= - 2538,8 |
6*. , , :
| ZnS() + 2HCl(-) = H2S() + ZnCl2(-), | ΔGº = - 462,6 |
| PbS()+ 2HCl(-) = H2S() + PbCl2(-), | ΔGº = + 31,0 |
7*. , , :
| () + 3/2Cl2 = Cl3(), | ΔGº = - 286,7 |
| () + 5/2Cl2 = Cl5(), | ΔGº = - 325,1 |
8*. , , :
| () + 2() = 4(), | ΔGº = - 50,5 |
| 2() + 22() = 24(), | ΔGº = + 68,1 |
| 2() + 2() = 22(), | ΔGº = + 209,9 |
9*. , , :
| () + 2F2() = F4(), | ΔGº = - 636,0 |
| () + 2Cl2() = Cl4(), | ΔGº = - 64,1 |
| () + 2Br2() = Br4(), | ΔGº = + 36,0 |
| () + 2I2() = I4(), | ΔGº = + 124,9 |
10*. , (II) , :
| Fe(OH)2() + 1/42() + 1/22() = F()3(), | ΔGº = - 92,2 |
| (OH)2() + 1/42() + 1/22() = ()3(), | ΔGº = - 23,7 |
| Ni(OH)2() + 1/42() + 1/22() = Ni()3(), | ΔGº = + 22,9 |
11*.
| 1) | () + SO2() = CaSO3() |
| 2) | Fe3O4() + 42() = 3Fe() + 42() |
| 3) | 6126() + 62() = 62() + 62() |
| 4) | 2H2() + 2() = 22() |
| 5) | 3() = () + 2() |
| 6) | 2u(NO3)2() = 2CuO() + 4NO2() + 2() |
|
|
|
12*.
| 1) | (NH4)2Cr2O7() = Cr2O3() + N2() + 4H2O() |
| 2) | Fe2O3() + 32() = 2Fe() + 32() |
| 3) | NH4NO2() = N2() + 22() |
| 4) | NH4l() = NH3() + l() |
| 5) | () + 2() = 3() |
| 6) | 2Fe() + 3Cl2() = 2FeCl3() |
13*.
| 1) | N2() + 32() = 2N3() |
| 2) | 2KClO3() = 2KCl() + 3O2() |
| 3) | 4Al() + 3O2() = 2Al2O3() |
| 4) | 4() = () + 22() |
| 5) | NH4NO3() = N2O() + 22() |
| 6) | Mg() + 2() = Mg3() |
14*.
| 1) | 2N3() = N2() + 32() |
| 2) | 3() + N2() = Ca3N2() |
| 3) | 2Al() + 3Cl2() = 2AlCl3() |
| 4) | 2KNO3() = 2KNO2() + 2() |
| 5) | 2KMnO4() = K2MnO4() + MnO2() + O2() |
| 6) | CH3NH2() + HBr() = CH3NH3Br() |
