, =, , . - , ,
3- , ,
25- ,
37- ,
2=- , ( )
65- ( )
. -.
1. , , -
(Ni, Pt, Pd). -
, H-COH + H2 H3OH;
2. 2
R-COH+H2O=R-COHOHH ( ) 3. R-COH+H-CN=R-COHCNH ()
4. R-COH+R1-OH=R-COR1OHH() R-COH+R1-OH=(t* HCl)=R-COR1OR1H ()
CH3-COH+PO5=CH3-CClClH (1,1 )
CH3-COH+Br2=Br-CH2-COH+HBR ( )
. ..
1. c .
n(H-COH) (-CH2-O-)n
2.
( ) , (, . .) 3. , .,4. () .H-COH + NH2-CO-NH2 NH2-CO-NH-CH2OH NH2-CO-N=CH2 + H2O N=CH25.. : .CH3-COH + CH3-COH CH3-CHOH-CH2-COH (,)
.
, =, , .
1 300
. CH3OH + O2 2H-COH(, ) + 2H2O;
2. (u, Ni).3OH H-COH + H2
3. , -.
H4 + O2 H-COH + H2O
4. , .H-COOH + H2 H-COH + H2O H-COCl + H2 H-COH + HCl 5. - : H2=CH2 + CO + H2 CH3-CH2-CO( ,) 6. - .
2H2 + H2O CH2=CH-OH CH3-COH(
7. , .
H3-CHCl2 + H2O CH3-COH + 2HCl
8. .3-COCl + H2 CH3-COH + HCl