) (NaNO3)?
Al Cl3 + HOH <=> AlOHCl2 + HCl
Al (OH)3 + HCl
|
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Al3+ + H+ OH - <=> +
- , +, (<7).
, ( ).
) AlCl3 HBr, (HBr = H+ + Br -) H+, AlBr3 ( ), .. AlBr3 .
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Al3+ + HOH <=> AlOH2+ +
HBr = Br - +
) AlCl3 (), ( = + + -) -, +, , (H2O), + , .. AlCl3 .
|
Al3+ + HOH <=> AlOH2+ + → 2
= + +
) , AlCl3, , , .. NaNO3 .
Al3+ + HOH <=> AlOH2+ + H+
NaNO3 = Na+ + NO3-
3. , (ZnCl2) (uCl2), ? , , . - .
: = const | : |
, (ZnCl2 CuCl2 ) . |
Zn Cl2 + H2O <=> ZnOHCl + HCl
Zn (OH)2 + HCl
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Zn 2+ + H OH < = > +, < 7 -
Cu Cl2 + H2O < = > CuOHCl + HCl
Cu (OH)2 + HCl
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Cu2+ + H OH < = > +, < 7 -
(.).
(.)
.. < , Cu(OH)2 , Zn(OH)2. h , , (h ~ 1/K), CuCl2 .
: , ZnCl2 CuCl2, < , CuCl2 , ZnCl2.
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1. - (K2CO3). , 0,01 .
| : |
K2 CO3 + H2O <=> KHCO3 + KOH
KOH + H2 CO3
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32 - + <=> +, >7,
K = ,
(.).
K = ,
, =0,14,
pH+ =14.
, :
p= -1/2∙lgK -1/2∙lg =
= 2,84
= 14-, = 14-2,84=11,16,
:
2. 300 , (NH4NO3) 1 , . - .
= 51,14 ;
= - 4,67 /.
| : |
NH4 NO3 + H2O <=> NH4OH + HNO3
NH 4OH + HNO3
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NH4 + + H OH <=> NH4OH +, pH<7,
(8.1)
,
=2,67·10-5
.. , :
,
= -1/2∙(-9,15)-1/2∙lg1= 4,60.
:
3. (II) (FeCl2) (Na2CO3)? - .
| : I ( Fe2+ CO ): Fe Cl2 Fe (OH)2 + HCl . . Na2 CO3 NaOH + H2 CO 3 . . |
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Fe2+ +HOH <=> FeOH+ + → 2
CO32-+ HOH <=> HCO3-+
(+) (-) 2, . , .. , .
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FeOH+ + HOH = Fe(OH)2↓ + + → 2
HCO3- + HOH = H2CO3 +
CO2↑ H2O
- :
Fe2+ + CO32- + H2O = Fe(OH)2↓ + CO2↑.
:
FeCl2 + Na2CO3 + H2O = Fe(OH)2↓ + CO2↑ + 2NaCl