| D H 298, / | D H 298, / | ||||
| 2H2 | +226,75 | CO | -110,52 | ||
| CS2 | +115,28 | CH3OH | -201,17 | ||
| NO | +90,37 | C2H5OH | -235,31 | ||
| C6H6 | +82,93 | H2O | -241,83 | ||
| C2H4 | +52,28 | H2O | -285,84 | ||
| H2S | -20,15 | NH4Cl | -315,39 | ||
| NH3 | -46,19 | CO2 | -393,51 | ||
| CH4 | -74,85 | Fe2O3 | -822,10 | ||
| C2H6 | -84,67 | Ca(OH)2 | -986,50 | ||
| HCl | -92,31 | Al2O3 | -1669,80 |
2.
C2H6() + 3½O2 = 2 CO2() + 3H2O (); D H . = -1559,87
, 2() 2() (. 5).
. () 1 , . , .. 25 (298 ) 1,013 × 105 , D H 298. , , D . , , :
2 () + 32() = 26(); D =?
:
) 26() + 3 ½2() = 22() + 32(); D = -1559,87
) () + 2() = 2(); D = -393,51
) 2() + ½2 = 2(); D = -285,84
, . () 2, () 3, ():
26 = 3 ½2 2 22 32 3/22 = 22 + 32 22 32
D = -1559,87 2(-393,51) 3(-285,84) = +84,67 ;
D = -1559,87 + 787,02 + 857,52; 22 = 2 + 32;
D = +84,67
, 
= -84,67 . , :
, :
3. :
25() + 32() = 22() + 32(); D =?
, , () 25() +42,36 : 25(); 2(); 2() (. . 5).
. D 25(). :
25() = 25(); D = +42,36 .
+42,36 = -235,31 
;
= -235,31 42,36 = -277,67 .
D , :
D . = 2(-393,51) + 3(-285,84) + 277,67 = -1366,87 .
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81., Fe2O3 , 335,1 . : 2543,1 .
82. 25 24() . , . : -45,76 .
83. (II) , :
FeO() + () = Fe() + 2(); D = -13,18 .
() + ½2() = 2(); D = -283,0 .
2() + ½2() = 2(); D = -241,83 .
: +27,99 .
84. S2(). , . : +65,43 .
85. () , 4() 2(). , 67,2 ? : 618,48 .
86. NO? NO, :
4NH3() + 5O2() = 4NO() + 6 H2O(); D = -1168,80 .
4NH3() + 3O2() = 2N2() + 6 H2O(); D = 1530,28 .
: 90,37 .
87. . , . , 10 ? : 78,97 .
88. ? , :
2() + 1/22() = 2(); D = -285,84 .
() + 2() = 2(); D = -393,51 .
4() + 22() = 22() + 2(); D = -393,51 .
: -74,88 .
89. ? , :
() + 1/22() = (); D = -635,60 .
2() + 1/2() = 2(); D = -285,84 .
() + 2() = ()2(); D = -65,06 .
: -986,50 .
90. -3135,58 . 66(). : +49,03 .
91., 165 (..) 22, ? : 924,88 .
92. . , 44,8 NO ? : 452,37 .
93. :
3() + 3/22() = 2() + 22(); D =?
, , 3() +37,4 . : -726,62 .
94. 11,5 308,71 . , . 25(). :
-277,67 /.
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95. :
66() + 71/22() = 62() +2(); D =?
, , +33,9 . : -3135,58 .
95. 1 26(), . 1 3 ? : 63742,86 .
97. :
4NH3() + 3O2() = 2N2() + 620(); D = -1530,28 .
NH3(). : -46,19 /.
98. 6,3 11,31 . FeS. : -100,26 /.
99. 1 (..) 56,053 . , . 22 (). : 226,75 /.
100. () 2() 32,53 . . : -635,6 .
. . 5-7.
, , .
, , . . , (), ; , (). , . , .
S, U, , V ., , . S, U, H, V , .. . . : , , , , .. , : , , , , .., . , .. (D S) (S 1) (S 2) :
(2)
, , D S. /( ). , : () (TS). = const = const , D G, :
D G = ( 2 1) (TS 2 TS 1); D G = D D S.
G - . , (D G), , . ,
(3)
, , D G. D G < 0, ; D G > 0, . D G, , D G = 0 D = D S.
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D G = D D S , , D > 0 (). , D S > 0, | D S | > |D |, D G < 0. , ( D < 0) , D S < 0 , D G > 0.
6.
