:
1 s < 2 c < 2 p < 3 s < 3 p < 4 s ≤ 3 d < 4 p < 5 s ≤ 4 d < 5 p < 6 s
2) ( )
.
, :
3) ( )
, .
( ). , ():
, (Z = 1) Kr (Z = 36) ( ):
. (, 3 d 5 5 d ‑); 1‑ , 2‑, 3‑ . . , , , , , Zn, d‑. :
1H = 1s1
2 = 1s2
3Li = 1s22s1 = [2He]2s1
8O = 1s2 2s22p4 = [2He] 2s22p4
13Al = 1s22s22p6 3s23p1 = [10Ne] 3s23p1
17Cl = 1s22s22p6 3s23p5 = [10Ne] 3s23p5
2O = 1s22s22p63s23p 4s2 = [18Ar] 4s2
21Sc = 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d14s2 = [18Ar] 3d14s2
25Mn = 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d54s2 = [18Ar] 3d54s2
26Fe = 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d64s2 = [18Ar] 3d64s2
3OZn = 1s22s22p63s23p63d10 4s2 = [18Ar, 3d10] 4s2
33As = 1s22s22p63s23p63d10 4s24p3 = [18Ar, 3d10] 4s24p3
36Kr = 1s22s22p63s23p63d10 4s24p6 = [18Ar, 3d10] 4s24p6
, , . .
:
24Cr = 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d54s1 = [18r] d54s1 ( 3d44s2!),
29Cu = 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d104s1 = [18Ar] 3d104s1 ( 3d94s2!).
1. , ,
1)
2)
3)
4)
2.
1) 4s24p4
2) 3d54s2
3) 2s22p1
4) 3s23p6
3.
1) 2
2) 3
3) 4
4) 8
4.
1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
5. [Ar]3d94s0
|
|
1) Ti2+
2) Cu2+
3) Cr2+
4) Zn2+
6. 2‑ [Ne] 3s23p6
1)
2)
3)
4)
7. Mg2+ F‑
1) 9
2) 10
3) 20
4) 21
. . .
, . . 1869 .: